48

लिङ्गं त्रिविधमन्वयव्यतिरेकि केवलान्वयि केवलव्यतिरेकि चेति । अन्वयेन व्यतिरेकेण च व्याप्तिमदन्वयव्यतिरेकि । यथा वह्नौ साध्ये धूमवत्त्वम् । यत्र धूमस् तत्र अग्निर् यथा महानस इत्यन्वयव्याप्तिः । यत्र वह्निर् नास्ति तत्र धूमोऽपि नास्ति यथा महाह्रद इति व्यतिरेकव्याप्तिः । अन्वयमात्रव्याप्तिकं केवलान्वयि । यथा घटोऽभिधेयः प्रमेयत्वात् पटवत् । अत्र प्रमेयत्वाभिधेयत्वयोर् व्यतिरेकव्याप्तिर् नास्ति । व्यतिरेकमात्रव्याप्तिकं केवलव्यतिरेकि । यथा पृथिवी इतरेभ्यो भिद्यते गन्धवत्त्वात् । यदितरेभ्यो न भिद्यते न तद् गन्धवत् यथा जलम् । अत्र यद् गन्धवत् तदितरभिन्नमित्यन्वयदृष्टान्तो नास्ति पृथिवीमात्रस्य पक्षत्वात् liṅgaṃ trividham anvayavyatireki kevalānvayi kevalavyatireki ceti | anvayena vyatirekeṇa ca vyāptimad anvayavyatireki | yathā vahnau sādhye dhūmavattvam | yatra dhūmas tatra agnir yathā mahānasa ity anvayavyāptiḥ | yatra vahnir nāsti tatra dhūmo 'pi nāsti yathā mahāhrada iti vyatirekavyāptiḥ | anvayamātravyāptikaṃ kevalānvayi | yathā ghaṭo 'bhidheyaḥ prameyatvāt paṭavat | atra prameyatvābhidheyatvayor vyatirekavyāptir nāsti | vyatirekamātravyāptikaṃ kevalavyatireki | yathā pṛthivī itarebhyo bhidyate gandhavattvāt | yad itarebhyo na bhidyate na tad gandhavat yathā jalam | atra yad gandhavat tad itarabhinnam ity anvayadṛṣṭānto nāsti pṛthivīmātrasya pakṣatvāt

The line

The mark is of three kinds: positive-and-negative, positive only, and negative only. When fire is to be proved, smokiness has both pervasions, the kitchen and the lake. When the pot is to be proved nameable because it is knowable, there is only the positive pervasion. When earth is to be proved different from the others because it has smell, there is only the negative pervasion, since a positive example would have to be an earth that is not the subject, and every earth is the subject.

नेपालीमा

लिङ्ग तीन प्रकारको हुन्छ, अन्वय र व्यतिरेक दुवै भएको, अन्वय मात्र भएको र व्यतिरेक मात्र भएको। आगो सिद्ध गर्दा धुवाँपनका दुवै व्याप्ति हुन्छन्, भान्सा र पोखरी, घडा ज्ञेय भएकाले नाम लाग्ने सिद्ध गर्दा अन्वय व्याप्ति मात्र हुन्छ, र पृथ्वी गन्ध भएकाले अरूभन्दा भिन्न सिद्ध गर्दा व्यतिरेक व्याप्ति मात्र हुन्छ, किनकि अन्वयको उदाहरण पक्ष नभएको पृथ्वी हुनुपर्ने थियो र हरेक पृथ्वी पक्ष नै हो।

Where it sits

The subject, the similar case, and the dissimilar case are 49 through 51.

Split: liṅgam (लिङ्गम्) + trividham (त्रिविधम्) + anvaya-vyatireki (अन्वय-व्यतिरेकि) + kevala-anvayi (केवल-अन्वयि) + kevala-vyatireki (केवल-व्यतिरेकि) + ca (च) + iti (इति)

Sanskrit, in depth

The words

Word	Grammar	Sense
anvaya-vyatireki (अन्वय-व्यतिरेकि)	nominative	Positive and negative. The mark has both pervasions.
anvaya-vyāptiḥ (अन्वय-व्याप्तिः)	nominative singular, feminine	The positive pervasion. Where there is smoke, there is fire, as in the kitchen.
vyatireka-vyāptiḥ (व्यतिरेक-व्याप्तिः)	nominative singular, feminine	The negative pervasion. Where there is no fire, there is no smoke, as in the great lake.
kevalānvayi (केवलान्वयि)	nominative	Positive only. There is no negative pervasion, because nothing lacks the property. The pot is nameable because it is knowable, like a cloth. Everything knowable is nameable, so there is no place where nameability is absent.
abhidheyatva (अभिधेयत्व)	being nameable	The file had abhidhyatva (अभिध्यत्व). The sitting reads abhidheyatva (अभिधेयत्व).
kevalavyatireki (केवलव्यतिरेकि)	nominative	Negative only. Earth differs from the others because it has smell. There is no positive example, because all earth is the subject, and a positive example has to fall outside the subject.

The phrases

Smoke and fire can be run both ways, and the lake is there as the negative example.

Knowable and nameable cannot be run negatively. There is no unknowable, nameless thing to point at.

Earth and smell cannot be run positively inside this argument, because every earth is already the subject.

Sanskrit in this line

Anvaya (अन्वय) plus vyatirekin (व्यतिरेकिन्) names the mark that has both.

Kevala (केवल) plus anvayin (अन्वयिन्) is only-positive. Kevala (केवल) plus vyatirekin (व्यतिरेकिन्) is only-negative.

Say it back

Give the lake as a negative example, and say why the smell of earth has no positive example.