Tarka-Saṃgraha / 5. Five actions
5
उत्क्षेपणावक्षेपणाकुञ्चनप्रसारणगमनानि पञ्च कर्माणि utkṣepaṇāvakṣepaṇākuñcanaprasāraṇagamanāni pañca karmāṇi
The line
Throwing up, throwing down, contracting, extending, and going are the five actions.
नेपालीमा
माथि फाल्नु, तल फाल्नु, खुम्च्याउनु, फैलाउनु र जानु यी पाँच कर्म हुन्।
Where it sits
76 defines each of the five. There the downward throw is spelled apakṣepaṇa (अपक्षेपण). This list spells it avakṣepaṇa (अवक्षेपण). Both name the downward throw. The definitions wait until the qualities, including the whole of knowing, have been sat.
Split: utkṣepaṇa (उत्क्षेपण) + avakṣepaṇa (अवक्षेपण) + ākuñcana (आकुञ्चन) + prasāraṇa (प्रसारण) + gamanāni (गमनानि) + pañca (पञ्च) + karmāṇi (कर्माणि)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| utkṣepaṇa (उत्क्षेपण) | stem | Throwing upward. |
| avakṣepaṇa (अवक्षेपण) | stem | Throwing downward. |
| ākuñcana (आकुञ्चन) | stem | Contraction, drawing in. |
| prasāraṇa (प्रसारण) | stem | Extension, stretching out. |
| gamanāni (गमनानि) | nominative plural, neuter | Goings. Every other motion. The plural ending is the ending of the whole list. |
| pañca (पञ्च) | numeral | Five. |
| karmāṇi (कर्माणि) | nominative plural, neuter | Are actions. Karma (कर्म) from 2, and here the neuter plural. |
The phrases
Four named motions, and a fifth that gathers every motion left over.
Sanskrit in this line
Utkṣepaṇa (उत्क्षेपण) plus avakṣepaṇa (अवक्षेपण) is utkṣepaṇāvakṣepaṇa (उत्क्षेपणावक्षेपण). Short a (अ) plus short a (अ) is ā (आ).
The compound is neuter because gamana (गमन) is neuter, and a dvandva (द्वन्द्व) of this shape takes the gender and the number on the last member.
Say it back
Name the five motions.