Tarka-Saṃgraha / 54. The contradictory reason
54
साध्याभावव्याप्तो हेतुर् विरुद्धः । यथा शब्दो नित्यः कृतकत्वात् । कृतकत्वं हि नित्यत्वाभावेन अनित्यत्वेन व्याप्तम् sādhyābhāvavyāpto hetur viruddhaḥ | yathā śabdo nityaḥ kṛtakatvāt | kṛtakatvaṃ hi nityatvābhāvena anityatvena vyāptam
The line
The contradictory reason is a reason pervaded by the absence of the thing to be proved. As: sound is eternal, because it is a product. Being a product is pervaded by non-eternality, which is the absence of eternality.
नेपालीमा
विरोधी हेतु साध्यको अभावले व्याप्त हेतु हो। जस्तै शब्द नित्य हो किनकि त्यो कार्य हो, र कार्य हुनु अनित्यताले व्याप्त छ, जुन नित्यताको अभाव हो।
Where it sits
The rival reason is 55.
Split: sādhya-abhāva-vyāptaḥ (साध्य-अभाव-व्याप्तः) + hetuḥ (हेतुः) + viruddhaḥ (विरुद्धः) + yathā (यथा) + śabdaḥ (शब्दः) + nityaḥ (नित्यः) + kṛtakatvāt (कृतकत्वात्) + kṛtakatvam (कृतकत्वम्) + hi (हि) + nityatva-abhāvena (नित्यत्व-अभावेन) + anityatvena (अनित्यत्वेन) + vyāptam (व्याप्तम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sādhya-abhāva-vyāptaḥ (साध्य-अभाव-व्याप्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | Pervaded by the absence of the thing to be proved. |
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | The reason. Heard hetur (हेतुर्). |
| viruddhaḥ (विरुद्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | The contradictory. |
| yathā (यथा) | indeclinable | As. The file had written yatra (यत्र). The sitting reads yathā (यथा). |
| śabdaḥ nityaḥ kṛtakatvāt (शब्दः नित्यः कृतकत्वात्) | sound is eternal, because it is a product | The reason proves the opposite. A product is non-eternal. |
| anityatvena vyāptam (अनित्यत्वेन व्याप्तम्) | pervaded by non-eternality | Being-a-product is pervaded by the absence of eternality. |
The phrases
A contradictory reason is not merely wide. It is tied to the absence of what one set out to prove.
Sanskrit in this line
Sādhya (साध्य) plus abhāva (अभाव) is sādhyābhāva (साध्याभाव).
Say it back
Say what being-a-product is pervaded by, when eternality was the thing to be proved.