Tarka-Saṃgraha / 53. The straying reason

53

Tarka-Saṃgraha (तर्क-संग्रह)

सव्यभिचारोऽनैकान्तिकः । स त्रिविधः साधारणासाधारणानुपसंहारिभेदात् । तत्र साध्याभाववदृत्तिः साधारणोऽनैकान्तिकः । यथा पर्वतो वह्निमान् प्रमेयत्वात् । प्रमेयत्वस्य वह्न्यभाववति ह्रदे विद्यमानत्वात् । सर्वसपक्षविपक्षव्यावृत्तोऽसाधारणः । यथा शब्दो नित्यः शब्दत्वात् । शब्दत्वं हि शब्दमात्रवृत्ति । अन्वयव्यतिरेकदृष्टान्तरहितोऽनुपसंहारी । यथा सर्वमनित्यं प्रमेयत्वात् । अत्र सर्वस्यापि पक्षत्वाद् दृष्टान्तो नास्ति savyabhicāro 'naikāntikaḥ | sa trividhaḥ sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇānupasaṃhāribhedāt | tatra sādhyābhāvavadṛttiḥ sādhāraṇo 'naikāntikaḥ | yathā parvato vahnimān prameyatvāt | prameyatvasya vahnyabhāvavati hrade vidyamānatvāt | sarvasapakṣavipakṣavyāvṛtto 'sādhāraṇaḥ | yathā śabdo nityaḥ śabdatvāt | śabdatvaṃ hi śabdamātravṛtti | anvayavyatirekadṛṣṭāntarahito 'nupasaṃhārī | yathā sarvam anityaṃ prameyatvāt | atra sarvasyāpi pakṣatvād dṛṣṭānto nāsti

The line

The straying reason is the one that is not settled on one side. It is common, uncommon, or without a remainder. The common one occurs where the thing to be proved is absent, as knowability does in the lake when fire is to be proved. The uncommon one stays out of every similar and dissimilar case, as sound-ness does when sound is to be proved eternal. The one without a remainder has no example of either pervasion, as when everything is the subject.

नेपालीमा

भड्किने हेतु त्यो हो जुन एक पक्षमा टुङ्गिँदैन, र त्यो साधारण, असाधारण वा बाँकी नरहने हुन्छ। साधारण साध्य नभएको ठाउँमा हुन्छ, जस्तै आगो सिद्ध गर्दा पोखरीमा ज्ञेयत्व, असाधारण हरेक सपक्ष र विपक्षबाट बाहिर रहन्छ, जस्तै शब्द नित्य सिद्ध गर्दा शब्दत्व, र बाँकी नरहनेमा दुवै व्याप्तिको उदाहरण हुँदैन, जस्तै सबै कुरा पक्ष हुँदा।

Where it sits

The contradictory reason is 54.

Split: savyabhicāraḥ (सव्यभिचारः) + anaikāntikaḥ (अनैकान्तिकः) + saḥ (सः) + trividhaḥ (त्रिविधः) + sādhāraṇa (साधारण) + asādhāraṇa (असाधारण) + anupasaṃhārin (अनुपसंहारिन्) + bhedāt (भेदात्)

Sanskrit, in depth

The words

WordGrammarSense
anaikāntikaḥ (अनैकान्तिकः)nominative singular, masculineNot settled on one side. The same gloss as Nyāya (न्याय) 1.2.5.
sādhāraṇaḥ (साधारणः)nominative singular, masculineThe common strayer. The reason also occurs where the thing to be proved is absent. Knowability occurs in the lake, which has no fire, so it cannot prove fire on the mountain.
asādhāraṇaḥ (असाधारणः)nominative singular, masculineThe uncommon strayer. The reason occurs only in the subject, in no similar case and no dissimilar case. Sound-ness occurs in sound alone, so it cannot prove that sound is eternal.
anupasaṃhārin (अनुपसंहारिन्)nominative singular, masculineThe one that gathers nothing in. There is no example left, because everything is the subject. 'Everything is non-eternal, because it is knowable' has nowhere to stand as an example.

The phrases

Three ways of straying: too wide, too narrow, and no remainder for an example.

Sanskrit in this line

Savyabhicāraḥ (सव्यभिचारः) before anaikāntikaḥ (अनैकान्तिकः) is savyabhicāro 'naikāntikaḥ (सव्यभिचारोऽनैकान्तिकः).

Say it back

Give the lake as the place where the too-wide reason is found.