Tarka-Saṃgraha / 77. The common
77
नित्यमेकमनेकानुगतं सामान्यम् । द्रव्यगुणकर्मवृत्ति । तद् द्विविधं परापरभेदात् । परं सत्ता । अपरं द्रव्यत्वादि nityam ekam anekānugataṃ sāmānyam | dravyaguṇakarmavṛtti | tad dvividhaṃ parāparabhedāt | paraṃ sattā | aparaṃ dravyatvādi
The line
The common is eternal, one, and present in many. It occurs in substances, qualities, and actions. It is higher or lower. The higher is being. The lower is substance-hood and the rest.
नेपालीमा
सामान्य नित्य छ, एक छ, र धेरैमा रहन्छ। त्यो द्रव्य, गुण र कर्ममा हुन्छ, उच्च वा निम्न हुन्छ, उच्च सत्ता हो, र निम्न द्रव्यत्व आदि हो।
Where it sits
The particular is 78.
Split: nityam (नित्यम्) + ekam (एकम्) + aneka-anugatam (अनेक-अनुगतम्) + sāmānyam (सामान्यम्) + dravya-guṇa-karma-vṛtti (द्रव्य-गुण-कर्म-वृत्ति) + tat (तत्) + dvividham (द्विविधम्) + para-apara-bhedāt (पर-अपर-भेदात्) + param (परम्) + sattā (सत्ता) + aparam (अपरम्) + dravyatva-ādi (द्रव्यत्व-आदि)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| nityam (नित्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Eternal. |
| ekam (एकम्) | nominative singular, neuter | One. |
| aneka-anugatam (अनेक-अनुगतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Running through many. Heard anekānugata (अनेकानुगत). |
| sāmānyam (सामान्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | The common. |
| dravya-guṇa-karma-vṛtti (द्रव्य-गुण-कर्म-वृत्ति) | nominative | Occurring in substances, qualities, and actions. It does not occur in another common, nor in a particular, nor in inherence, nor in absence. |
| para-apara-bhedāt (पर-अपर-भेदात्) | ablative | By the division into higher and lower. The heading of 6. |
| sattā (सत्ता) | nominative singular, feminine | Being. The higher common. It runs through every substance, quality, and action. |
| dravyatva-ādi (द्रव्यत्व-आदि) | substance-hood and the rest | The lower commons. Dravyatva (द्रव्यत्व) runs through substances. Guṇatva (गुणत्व) through qualities. A still lower one, such as earth-hood, runs through earths. |
The phrases
One eternal common runs through many individuals, and that is why one word covers them.
Being is the highest. Every narrower class-name is a lower common.
Sanskrit in this line
Aneka (अनेक) plus anugata (अनुगत) is anekānugata (अनेकानुगत).
Para (पर) plus apara (अपर) is parāpara (परापर).
Say it back
Say the three adjectives, then the highest common, then one lower one.