Aṣṭāvakra Gītā / Aṣṭāvakra (अध्याय ११) / 11.4
11.4
the Aṣṭāvakra Gītā (अष्टावक्र गीता)
सुखदुःखे जन्ममृत्यू दैवादेवेति निश्चयी ।
साध्यादर्शी निरायासः कुर्वन्नपि न लिप्यते sukhaduḥkhe janmamṛtyū daivād eveti niścayī |
sādhyādarśī nirāyāsaḥ kurvann api na lipyate
The line
One who has settled that pleasure and pain, birth and death, are from fate alone, who does not look for a thing to accomplish and who is without strain, is not stained even while doing.
नेपालीमा
सुख र दुःख, जन्म र मृत्यु दैवबाट नै हुन् भनी निश्चय गरेको, गर्नुपर्ने नदेख्ने, आयास नभएको मानिस गर्दागर्दै पनि लिप्त हुँदैन।
Where it sits
Aṣṭāvakra (अष्टावक्र) is still speaking. Fate, named in the previous line, now covers pleasure, pain, birth, and death.
Split: sukhaduḥkhe (सुखदुःखे) + janmamṛtyū (जन्ममृत्यू) + daivāt (दैवात्) + eva (एव) + iti (इति) + niścayī (निश्चयी) + sādhyādarśī (साध्यादर्शी) + nirāyāsaḥ (निरायासः) + kurvan (कुर्वन्) + api (अपि) + na (न) + lipyate (लिप्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sukhaduḥkhe (सुखदुःखे) | nominative dual, neuter | pleasure and pain. Read from the dual ending. |
| janmamṛtyū (जन्ममृत्यू) | nominative dual, masculine | birth and death. janman (जन्मन्) is birth. mṛtyu (मृत्यु) is death. |
| daivāt (दैवात्) | ablative singular, neuter | from fate. Recited daivād (दैवाद्) before eva (एव). |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | alone. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. |
| niścayī (निश्चयी) | nominative singular, masculine | one who has settled it. |
| sādhyādarśī (साध्यादर्शी) | nominative singular, masculine | one who does not look at a thing to be accomplished. Read from adarśī (अदर्शी). |
| nirāyāsaḥ (निरायासः) | nominative singular, masculine | without strain. Agrees with niścayī (निश्चयी). |
| kurvan (कुर्वन्) | nominative singular, masculine | doing. Present participle of kṛ (कृ). Recited kurvann (कुर्वन्न्) before api (अपि). |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | even. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| lipyate (लिप्यते) | present third person singular | is stained. Passive of lip (लिप्). |
The phrases
sukhaduḥkhe (सुखदुःखे) and janmamṛtyū (जन्ममृत्यू) are both from daivāt (दैवात्) eva (एव), closed by iti (इति). niścayī (निश्चयी) is the subject of na (न) lipyate (लिप्यते). sādhyādarśī (साध्यादर्शी) and nirāyāsaḥ (निरायासः) agree with him. kurvan (कुर्वन्) api (अपि) is the concession.
Sanskrit in this line
daivāt (दैवात्) plus eva (एव) plus iti (इति) is again daivādeveti (दैवादेवेति). kurvan (कुर्वन्) plus api (अपि) doubles the n (न्), recited kurvann (कुर्वन्न्) api (अपि).
Say it back
What four things are from fate, and what does not happen even while he acts?