Aṣṭāvakra Gītā / Aṣṭāvakra (अध्याय ११) / 11.5
11.5
the Aṣṭāvakra Gītā (अष्टावक्र गीता)
चिन्तया जायते दुःखं नान्यथेहेति निश्चयी ।
तया हीनः सुखी शान्तः सर्वत्र गलितस्पृहः cintayā jāyate duḥkhaṃ nānyatheheti niścayī |
tayā hīnaḥ sukhī śāntaḥ sarvatra galitaspṛhaḥ
The line
One who has settled that pain is born of worry and not otherwise here, free of that worry, happy, quiet, with longing melted everywhere.
नेपालीमा
चिन्ताले दुःख जन्मिन्छ, यहाँ अर्को तरिकाले होइन भनी निश्चय गरेको मानिस त्यो चिन्ता बिना सुखी, शान्त, सबैतिर स्पृहा पग्लेको हुन्छ।
Where it sits
Aṣṭāvakra (अष्टावक्र) is still speaking. The settled one now names worry as the only source of pain.
Split: cintayā (चिन्तया) + jāyate (जायते) + duḥkham (दुःखम्) + na (न) + anyathā (अन्यथा) + iha (इह) + iti (इति) + niścayī (निश्चयी) + tayā (तया) + hīnaḥ (हीनः) + sukhī (सुखी) + śāntaḥ (शान्तः) + sarvatra (सर्वत्र) + galitaspṛhaḥ (गलितस्पृहः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| cintayā (चिन्तया) | instrumental singular, feminine | by worry. |
| jāyate (जायते) | present third person singular | is born. From jan (जन्). |
| duḥkham (दुःखम्) | nominative singular, neuter | pain. Subject of jāyate (जायते). |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. Recited inside nānyatheheti (नान्यथेहेति). |
| anyathā (अन्यथा) | indeclinable | otherwise. |
| iha (इह) | indeclinable | here. ā (आ) plus i (इ) becomes e (ए) inside nānyatheha (नान्यथेह). |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. |
| niścayī (निश्चयी) | nominative singular, masculine | one who has settled it. |
| tayā (तया) | instrumental singular, feminine | by that. Refers to cintayā (चिन्तया). |
| hīnaḥ (हीनः) | nominative singular, masculine | left without. Agrees with niścayī (निश्चयी). tayā (तया) is what he is without. |
| sukhī (सुखी) | nominative singular, masculine | happy. Agrees with niścayī (निश्चयी). |
| śāntaḥ (शान्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | quiet. Agrees with niścayī (निश्चयी). |
| sarvatra (सर्वत्र) | indeclinable | everywhere. |
| galitaspṛhaḥ (गलितस्पृहः) | nominative singular, masculine | one whose longing has melted. Read from spṛhaḥ (स्पृहः). Agrees with niścayī (निश्चयी). |
The phrases
duḥkham (दुःखम्) is born cintayā (चिन्तया), and na (न) anyathā (अन्यथा) iha (इह) denies another source, closed by iti (इति). niścayī (निश्चयी) is described by tayā (तया) hīnaḥ (हीनः), sukhī (सुखी), śāntaḥ (शान्तः), and galitaspṛhaḥ (गलितस्पृहः). sarvatra (सर्वत्र) goes with the melted longing.
Sanskrit in this line
na (न) plus anyathā (अन्यथा) plus iha (इह) plus iti (इति) is nānyatheheti (नान्यथेहेति). tayā (तया) picks up cintayā (चिन्तया).
Say it back
From what alone is pain born?