Aṣṭāvakra Gītā / Aṣṭāvakra (अध्याय १६) / 16.3
16.3
the Aṣṭāvakra Gītā (अष्टावक्र गीता)
आयासात् सकलो दुःखी नैनं जानाति कश्चन ।
अनेनैवोपदेशेन धन्यः प्राप्नोति निर्वृतिम् āyāsāt sakalo duḥkhī nainaṃ jānāti kaścana |
anenaivopadeśena dhanyaḥ prāpnoti nirvṛtim
The line
From strain everyone is unhappy. No one knows this. By this teaching itself a fortunate one obtains rest.
नेपालीमा
आयासबाट सबै दुःखी हुन्छन्। यो कसैलाई थाहा छैन। यही उपदेशले धन्य व्यक्ति विश्राम पाउँछ।
Where it sits
Aṣṭāvakra (अष्टावक्र) is still speaking. Strain is named as the common unhappiness, and the teaching as the way to rest.
Split: āyāsāt (आयासात्) + sakalaḥ (सकलः) + duḥkhī (दुःखी) + na (न) + enam (एनम्) + jānāti (जानाति) + kaścana (कश्चन) + anena (अनेन) + eva (एव) + upadeśena (उपदेशेन) + dhanyaḥ (धन्यः) + prāpnoti (प्राप्नोति) + nirvṛtim (निर्वृतिम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| āyāsāt (आयासात्) | ablative singular, masculine | from strain. |
| sakalaḥ (सकलः) | nominative singular, masculine | everyone. Recited sakalo (सकलो) before duḥkhī (दुःखी). |
| duḥkhī (दुःखी) | nominative singular, masculine | unhappy. Agrees with sakalaḥ (सकलः). |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. Recited inside nainam (नैनम्). |
| enam (एनम्) | accusative singular, masculine | this. The fact just stated. Object of jānāti (जानाति). |
| jānāti (जानाति) | present third person singular | knows. From jñā (ज्ञा). |
| kaścana (कश्चन) | nominative singular, masculine | anyone. Subject of jānāti (जानाति). |
| anena (अनेन) | instrumental singular, masculine | by this. Agrees with upadeśena (उपदेशेन). Recited inside anenaiva (अनेनैव). |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | itself. Recited inside anenaivopadeśena (अनेनैवोपदेशेन). |
| upadeśena (उपदेशेन) | instrumental singular, masculine | by the teaching. |
| dhanyaḥ (धन्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | a fortunate one. Subject of prāpnoti (प्राप्नोति). |
| prāpnoti (प्राप्नोति) | present third person singular | obtains. From pra (प्र) and āp (आप्). |
| nirvṛtim (निर्वृतिम्) | accusative singular, feminine | rest, ceasing. Object of prāpnoti (प्राप्नोति). |
The phrases
sakalaḥ (सकलः) is duḥkhī (दुःखी) āyāsāt (आयासात्). kaścana (कश्चन) na (न) jānāti (जानाति) enam (एनम्). dhanyaḥ (धन्यः) prāpnoti (प्राप्नोति) nirvṛtim (निर्वृतिम्) by anena (अनेन) eva (एव) upadeśena (उपदेशेन).
Sanskrit in this line
sakalaḥ (सकलः) before duḥkhī (दुःखी) is sakalo (सकलो). na (न) plus enam (एनम्) is nainam (नैनम्). anena (अनेन) plus eva (एव) plus upadeśena (उपदेशेन) is anenaivopadeśena (अनेनैवोपदेशेन).
Say it back
From what is everyone unhappy, and by what does a fortunate one obtain rest?