Aṣṭāvakra Gītā / Aṣṭāvakra (अध्याय १६) / 16.9
16.9
the Aṣṭāvakra Gītā (अष्टावक्र गीता)
हातुमिच्छति संसारं रागी दुःखजिहासया ।
वीतरागो हि निर्दुःखस् तस्मिन्नपि न खिद्यति hātum icchati saṃsāraṃ rāgī duḥkhajihāsayā |
vītarāgo hi nirduḥkhas tasminn api na khidyati
The line
The passionate one wishes to abandon the world from a wish to leave pain. One from whom passion has gone is indeed free of pain, and is not wearied even in that world.
नेपालीमा
रागी दुःख छोड्ने इच्छामा संसार त्याग्न चाहन्छ। वीतराग चाहिँ दुःखरहित हुन्छ, त्यसमै पनि थाक्दैन।
Where it sits
Aṣṭāvakra (अष्टावक्र) is still speaking. The wish to leave the world is traced to passion, and the one without passion is not weary in it.
Split: hātum (हातुम्) + icchati (इच्छति) + saṃsāram (संसारम्) + rāgī (रागी) + duḥkhajihāsayā (दुःखजिहासया) + vītarāgaḥ (वीतरागः) + hi (हि) + nirduḥkhaḥ (निर्दुःखः) + tasmin (तस्मिन्) + api (अपि) + na (न) + khidyati (खिद्यति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hātum (हातुम्) | infinitive | to abandon. From hā (हा). Joined to icchati (इच्छति). |
| icchati (इच्छति) | present third person singular | wishes. From iṣ (इष्). |
| saṃsāram (संसारम्) | accusative singular, masculine | the wandering world. Object of hātum (हातुम्). |
| rāgī (रागी) | nominative singular, masculine | the passionate one. Subject of icchati (इच्छति). |
| duḥkhajihāsayā (दुःखजिहासया) | instrumental singular, feminine | by the wish to leave pain. Read from jihāsayā (जिहासया). |
| vītarāgaḥ (वीतरागः) | nominative singular, masculine | one from whom passion has gone. Read from rāgaḥ (रागः). Recited vītarāgo (वीतरागो) before hi (हि). |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | indeed. |
| nirduḥkhaḥ (निर्दुःखः) | nominative singular, masculine | free of pain. Recited nirduḥkhas (निर्दुःख) before tasmin (तस्मिन्). Agrees with vītarāgaḥ (वीतरागः). |
| tasmin (तस्मिन्) | locative singular, masculine | in that. In the wandering. Recited tasminn (तस्मिन्न्) before api (अपि). |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | even. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| khidyati (खिद्यति) | present third person singular | grows weary. |
The phrases
rāgī (रागी) icchati (इच्छति) hātum (हातुम्) saṃsāram (संसारम्), by duḥkhajihāsayā (दुःखजिहासया). vītarāgaḥ (वीतरागः) is nirduḥkhaḥ (निर्दुःखः) and na (न) khidyati (खिद्यति) even tasmin (तस्मिन्).
Sanskrit in this line
hātum (हातुम्) plus icchati (इच्छति) joins m (म्) to i (इ). vītarāgaḥ (वीतरागः) before hi (हि) is vītarāgo (वीतरागो). nirduḥkhaḥ (निर्दुःखः) before t (त्) is nirduḥkhas (निर्दुःख). tasmin (तस्मिन्) before api (अपि) doubles the n (न्).
Say it back
Why does the passionate one wish to abandon the world, and who is not wearied in it?