Tarka-Saṃgraha / 13. Air
13
रूपरहितस्पर्शवान् वायुः । स द्विविधो नित्योऽनित्यश् च । नित्यः परमाणुरूपः । अनित्यः कार्यरूपः । पुनस् त्रिविधः शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात् । शरीरं वायुलोके । इन्द्रियं स्पर्शग्राहकं त्वक् सर्वशरीरवर्ति । विषयो वृक्षादिकम्पनहेतुः । शरीरान्तःसंचारी वायुः प्राणः । स चैकोऽप्युपाधिभेदात् प्राणापानादिसंज्ञां लभते rūparahitasparśavān vāyuḥ | sa dvividho nityo 'nityaś ca | nityaḥ paramāṇurūpaḥ | anityaḥ kāryarūpaḥ | punas trividhaḥ śarīrendriyaviṣayabhedāt | śarīraṃ vāyuloke | indriyaṃ sparśagrāhakaṃ tvak sarvaśarīravarti | viṣayo vṛkṣādikampanahetuḥ | śarīrāntaḥsaṃcārī vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ | sa caiko 'py upādhibhedāt prāṇāpānādisaṃjñāṃ labhate
The line
Air has touch and no color. Its body is in the world of wind. Its sense is the skin, through the whole body. Its object is what makes the trees tremble. The air that moves inside the body is breath, and that one air receives the names prāṇa (प्राण), apāna (अपान), and the rest by a difference of condition.
नेपालीमा
वायुमा स्पर्श छ र रूप छैन, त्यसको शरीर वायुको लोकमा छ, इन्द्रिय सारा शरीरमा फैलिएको छाला हो र विषय रूखलाई कमाउने कुरा हो। शरीरभित्र चल्ने वायु श्वास हो, र त्यही एउटै वायुले अवस्थाको भेदले प्राण, अपान र अरू नाम पाउँछ।
Where it sits
Ether, next, has no touch either. 14. The five breaths are names, and the primer says the air is one.
Split: rūpa-rahita-sparśavān (रूप-रहित-स्पर्शवान्) + vāyuḥ (वायुः) + saḥ (सः) + dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) + nityaḥ (नित्यः) + anityaḥ (अनित्यः) + ca (च) + nityaḥ (नित्यः) + paramāṇu-rūpaḥ (परमाणु-रूपः) + anityaḥ (अनित्यः) + kārya-rūpaḥ (कार्य-रूपः) + punar (पुनर्) + trividhaḥ (त्रिविधः) + śarīra-indriya-viṣaya-bhedāt (शरीर-इन्द्रिय-विषय-भेदात्) + śarīram (शरीरम्) + vāyu-loke (वायु-लोके) + indriyam (इन्द्रियम्) + sparśa-grāhakam (स्पर्श-ग्राहकम्) + tvak (त्वक्) + sarva-śarīra-varti (सर्व-शरीर-वर्ति) + viṣayaḥ (विषयः) + vṛkṣa-ādi-kampana-hetuḥ (वृक्ष-आदि-कम्पन-हेतुः) + śarīra-antar-saṃcārī (शरीर-अन्तर्-संचारी) + vāyuḥ (वायुः) + prāṇaḥ (प्राणः) + saḥ (सः) + ca (च) + ekaḥ (एकः) + api (अपि) + upādhi-bhedāt (उपाधि-भेदात्) + prāṇa-apāna-ādi-saṃjñām (प्राण-अपान-आदि-संज्ञाम्) + labhate (लभते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| rūpa-rahita-sparśavān (रूप-रहित-स्पर्शवान्) | nominative singular, masculine | Having touch, and without color. |
| vāyuḥ (वायुः) | nominative singular, masculine | Air. |
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | He, air. Heard sa (स) before dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः). |
| tvak (त्वक्) | nominative singular, feminine | The skin. The sense that grasps touch. It extends through the whole body. |
| vṛkṣa-ādi-kampana-hetuḥ (वृक्ष-आदि-कम्पन-हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | The cause of the trembling of trees and the rest. That is the outer object. |
| prāṇaḥ (प्राणः) | nominative singular, masculine | Breath. Air moving inside the body. |
| upādhi-bhedāt (उपाधि-भेदात्) | ablative | By a difference of condition. One air, several names. |
| prāṇa-apāna-ādi-saṃjñām (प्राण-अपान-आदि-संज्ञाम्) | accusative singular, feminine | The name breath, the downward breath, and the rest. |
| labhate (लभते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | It receives. |
The phrases
Air is known by touch and by having no color. The skin is its organ, over the whole body.
The wind in the trees and the breath in the body are the same substance under different conditions.
Sanskrit in this line
Nityaḥ (नित्यः) plus anityaḥ (अनित्यः) is heard nityo 'nityaḥ (नित्योऽनित्यः). The visarga before a vowel becomes o (ओ) after a (अ), and the next a (अ) drops.
Ekaḥ (एकः) plus api (अपि) is eko 'pi (एकोऽपि), the same sandhi.
Prāṇa (प्राण) plus apāna (अपान) is prāṇāpāna (प्राणापान).
Say it back
Say the mark that keeps air apart from fire, and say what the many names of breath are names of.