Tarka-Saṃgraha / 33. Sound
33
श्रोत्रग्राह्यो गुणः शब्दः । आकाशमात्रवृत्तिः । स द्विविधो ध्वन्यात्मको वर्णात्मकश् चेति । ध्वन्यात्मको भेर्यादौ । वर्णात्मकः संस्कृतभाषादिरूपः śrotragrāhyo guṇaḥ śabdaḥ | ākāśamātravṛttiḥ | sa dvividho dhvanyātmako varṇātmakaś ceti | dhvanyātmako bheryādau | varṇātmakaḥ saṃskṛtabhāṣādirūpaḥ
The line
Sound is the quality grasped by the ear, and it occurs in ether alone. It is noise, as in a drum, or it is the speech-sound, as in Sanskrit and the other languages.
नेपालीमा
शब्द कानले लिइने गुण हो र आकाशमा मात्र हुन्छ। त्यो ढोलमा जस्तो कोलाहल हो, अथवा संस्कृत र अरू भाषामा जस्तो वाणीको ध्वनि हो।
Where it sits
Cognition begins at 34, and with it the four means of knowing. The ear's contact with sound returns at 43.
Split: śrotra-grāhyaḥ (श्रोत्र-ग्राह्यः) + guṇaḥ (गुणः) + śabdaḥ (शब्दः) + ākāśa-mātra-vṛttiḥ (आकाश-मात्र-वृत्तिः) + saḥ (सः) + dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) + dhvani-ātmakaḥ (ध्वनि-आत्मकः) + varṇa-ātmakaḥ (वर्ण-आत्मकः) + ca (च) + iti (इति) + dhvani-ātmakaḥ (ध्वनि-आत्मकः) + bherī-ādau (भेरी-आदौ) + varṇa-ātmakaḥ (वर्ण-आत्मकः) + saṃskṛta-bhāṣā-ādi-rūpaḥ (संस्कृत-भाषा-आदि-रूपः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| śrotra-grāhyaḥ (श्रोत्र-ग्राह्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | Graspable by the ear. Heard grāhyo (ग्राह्यो). |
| śabdaḥ (शब्दः) | nominative singular, masculine | Sound. |
| ākāśa-mātra-vṛttiḥ (आकाश-मात्र-वृत्तिः) | nominative singular, masculine | Occurring in ether alone. The mark of ether at 14, read from the quality's side. |
| dhvanyātmakaḥ (ध्वन्यात्मकः) | nominative singular, masculine | Having noise as its nature. In a drum and the like. The file had written dvanya (द्वन्य). The sitting reads dhvanya (ध्वन्य). |
| varṇātmakaḥ (वर्णात्मकः) | nominative singular, masculine | Having speech-sounds as its nature. Sanskrit and the other languages. |
The phrases
Sound is a quality, not a substance, and its only bearer is ether.
A drum-sound and a syllable are the two kinds.
Sanskrit in this line
Dhvani (ध्वनि) plus ātmaka (आत्मक) is dhvanyātmaka (ध्वन्यात्मक). Short i (इ) plus long ā (आ) is yā (या). The same join makes varṇātmaka (वर्णात्मक).
Say it back
Say the bearer of sound, and the two kinds.