Aṣṭāvakra Gītā / Janaka (अध्याय २०) / 20.13
20.13
the Aṣṭāvakra Gītā (अष्टावक्र गीता)
क्वोपदेशः क्व वा शास्त्रं क्व शिष्यः क्व च वा गुरुः ।
क्व चास्ति पुरुषार्थो वा निरुपाधेः शिवस्य मे kvopadeśaḥ kva vā śāstraṃ kva śiṣyaḥ kva ca vā guruḥ |
kva cāsti puruṣārtho vā nirupādheḥ śivasya me
The line
Where is instruction, or where scripture, where the student, and where or the teacher? Where, and, is there an aim of a person, or where, of me who am auspicious and without an adjunct?
नेपालीमा
उपाधि नभएको शिव मेरो लागि उपदेश कहाँ छ, शास्त्र कहाँ छ, शिष्य कहाँ छ, गुरु कहाँ छ? पुरुषार्थ कहाँ छ?
Where it sits
Janaka is still speaking. Student and teacher are questioned, then whether an aim of a person is.
Split: kva (क्व) + upadeśaḥ (उपदेशः) + kva (क्व) + vā (वा) + śāstram (शास्त्रम्) + kva (क्व) + śiṣyaḥ (शिष्यः) + kva (क्व) + ca (च) + vā (वा) + guruḥ (गुरुः) + kva (क्व) + ca (च) + asti (अस्ति) + puruṣārthaḥ (पुरुषार्थः) + vā (वा) + nirupādheḥ (निरुपाधेः) + śivasya (शिवस्य) + me (मे)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| kva (क्व) | indeclinable | where? |
| upadeśaḥ (उपदेशः) | nominative singular, masculine | instruction. Recited in kvopadeśaḥ (क्वोपदेशः), kva (क्व) plus upadeśaḥ (उपदेशः). |
| kva (क्व) | indeclinable | where? |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or. |
| śāstram (शास्त्रम्) | nominative singular, neuter | scripture. |
| kva (क्व) | indeclinable | where? |
| śiṣyaḥ (शिष्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | the student. |
| kva (क्व) | indeclinable | where? |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or. |
| guruḥ (गुरुः) | nominative singular, masculine | the teacher. |
| kva (क्व) | indeclinable | where? |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| asti (अस्ति) | present third person singular | is. Recited in cāsti (चास्ति), ca (च) plus asti (अस्ति). |
| puruṣārthaḥ (पुरुषार्थः) | nominative singular, masculine | the aim of a person. Recited puruṣārtho (पुरुषार्थो) before vā (वा). Subject of asti (अस्ति). |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or. |
| nirupādheḥ (निरुपाधेः) | genitive singular, masculine | of one without an adjunct. Agrees with me (मे). |
| śivasya (शिवस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | of the auspicious one. Agrees with me (मे). |
| me (मे) | genitive singular | of me. |
The phrases
asti (अस्ति) takes puruṣārthaḥ (पुरुषार्थः) as subject. nirupādheḥ (निरुपाधेः) and śivasya (शिवस्य) agree with me (मे). The earlier kva (क्व) words are nominatives with no finite verb.
Sanskrit in this line
kva plus upadeśaḥ (उपदेशः) is kvopadeśaḥ (क्वोपदेशः). ca plus asti is cāsti (चास्ति). puruṣārthaḥ (पुरुषार्थः) before vā (वा) is puruṣārtho (पुरुषार्थो).
Say it back
Name the student and the teacher.