Tarka-Saṃgraha / 17. The self
17
ज्ञानाधिकरणमात्मा । स द्विविधः परमात्मा जीवात्मा च । तत्रेश्वरः सर्वज्ञः परमात्मैक एव । जीवात्मा प्रतिशरीरं भिन्नो विभुर् नित्यश् च jñānādhikaraṇam ātmā | sa dvividhaḥ paramātmā jīvātmā ca | tatreśvaraḥ sarvajñaḥ paramātmaika eva | jīvātmā pratiśarīraṃ bhinno vibhur nityaś ca
The line
The self is the locus of cognition. It is of two kinds, the highest self and the living self. Of those, the Lord, all-knowing, is the one highest self. The living self is distinct in each body, and is all-pervading and eternal.
नेपालीमा
आत्मा ज्ञानको आश्रय हो, र परमात्मा तथा जीवात्मा गरी दुई प्रकारको छ। तिनीहरूमध्ये सर्वज्ञ ईश्वर एउटै परमात्मा हुन्, र जीवात्मा प्रत्येक शरीरमा भिन्न छ तथा सर्वव्यापी र नित्य छ।
Where it sits
Yoga Sūtra (सूत्र) 1.24 speaks of īśvara (ईश्वर) in that book's own sentence, a particular self untouched by the afflictions. This paragraph's īśvara (ईश्वर) is the all-knowing highest self of the primer. The two sentences can be read beside each other. Nyāya (न्याय) 1.1.9 and the following lines are Gautama's list of the objects, and the self is the first of them. Cognition as a quality of this self begins at 34.
Split: jñāna-adhikaraṇam (ज्ञान-अधिकरणम्) + ātmā (आत्मा) + saḥ (सः) + dvividhaḥ (द्विविधः) + parama-ātmā (परम-आत्मा) + jīva-ātmā (जीव-आत्मा) + ca (च) + tatra (तत्र) + īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) + sarvajñaḥ (सर्वज्ञः) + parama-ātmā (परम-आत्मा) + ekaḥ (एकः) + eva (एव) + jīva-ātmā (जीव-आत्मा) + prati-śarīram (प्रति-शरीरम्) + bhinnaḥ (भिन्नः) + vibhuḥ (विभुः) + nityaḥ (नित्यः) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| jñāna-adhikaraṇam (ज्ञान-अधिकरणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | The locus of cognition. Where knowing resides. |
| ātmā (आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | The self. |
| saḥ dvividhaḥ (सः द्विविधः) | nominative singular, masculine | He is of two kinds. |
| paramātmā (परमात्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | The highest self. parama (परम) plus ātman (आत्मन्). |
| jīvātmā (जीवात्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | The living self. jīva (जीव) plus ātman (आत्मन्). |
| tatra (तत्र) | indeclinable | Of those two. |
| īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) | nominative singular, masculine | The Lord. Heard inside tatreśvaraḥ (तत्रेश्वरः). |
| sarvajñaḥ (सर्वज्ञः) | nominative singular, masculine | All-knowing. |
| eka eva (एक एव) | one, just | Just one. |
| pratiśarīram (प्रतिशरीरम्) | indeclinable, an adverb from the accusative | For each body. |
| bhinnaḥ (भिन्नः) | nominative singular, masculine | Distinct. Heard bhinno (भिन्नो) before vibhuḥ (विभुः). |
| vibhuḥ nityaḥ (विभुः नित्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | All-pervading and eternal. |
The phrases
The definition is the locus of cognition. Body is not the self. The mind is not the self. Knowing resides in the self.
The Lord is the one all-knowing highest self. The living selves are many, one to a body, and each is pervasive and eternal.
Sanskrit in this line
Jñāna (ज्ञान) plus adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) is jñānādhikaraṇa (ज्ञानाधिकरण).
Tatra (तत्र) plus īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) is tatreśvaraḥ (तत्रेश्वरः). Short a (अ) plus long ī (ई) is e (ए).
Parama (परम) plus ātmā (आत्मा) is paramātmā (परमात्मा). Jīva (जीव) plus ātmā (आत्मा) is jīvātmā (जीवात्मा). Short a (अ) plus long ā (आ) is ā (आ).
Ekaḥ (एकः) before eva (एव) is eka eva (एक एव), and with paramātmā (परमात्मा) it is heard paramātmaika eva (परमात्मैक एव).
Say it back
Say what resides in the self, and how many highest selves the paragraph counts.