4.15
Tattvārtha Sūtra / Adhyāya 4 / 4.15
बहिरवस्थिताः
bahir avasthitāḥ
The line
Many, avasthita (अवस्थित).
Where it sits
In Tattvārtha (तत्त्वार्थ) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 4. The gods and the heavenly abodes. The line is short. tat-kṛtaḥ (तत्-कृतः) from 4.14 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: bahiḥ (बहिः) + avasthitāḥ (अवस्थिताः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| bahiḥ (बहिः) | nominative singular | many |
| avasthitāḥ (अवस्थिताः) | nominative plural | avasthita (अवस्थित) |
The phrases
bahiḥ (बहिः) is many. It stands as nominative singular. The line writes it bahir.
avasthitāḥ (अवस्थिताः) is avasthita (अवस्थित). It stands as nominative plural.
Sanskrit in this line
avasthitāḥ (अवस्थिताः) is nominative plural. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line writes it bahir.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss bahiḥ (बहिः) and avasthitāḥ (अवस्थिताः).