5.1
Tattvārtha Sūtra / 5. Ajīva (अजीव) / 5.1
अजीवकाया धर्माधर्माकाशपुद्गलाः
ajīvakāyā dharmādharmākāśapudgalāḥ
The line
A compound: what is not a soul, and a body, a compound: dharma, the medium of motion, the medium of rest, space, and matter.
Where it sits
In Tattvārtha (तत्त्वार्थ) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. Ajīva (अजीव). What is not soul: the media of motion and rest, space, matter, and time. The line is short. laukā-ntikā-nāma (लौका-न्तिका-नाम) from 4.42 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: ajīva-kāyā (अजीव-काया) + dharma-adharma-ākāśa-pudgalāḥ (धर्म-अधर्म-आकाश-पुद्गलाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ajīva-kāyā (अजीव-काया) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | a compound: what is not a soul, and a body. Read it from the end |
| dharma-adharma-ākāśa-pudgalāḥ (धर्म-अधर्म-आकाश-पुद्गलाः) | nominative plural | a compound: dharma, the medium of motion, the medium of rest, space, and matter. Read it from the end |
The phrases
ajīva-kāyā (अजीव-काया) is a compound: what is not a soul, and a body. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular.
dharma-adharma-ākāśa-pudgalāḥ (धर्म-अधर्म-आकाश-पुद्गलाः) is a compound: dharma, the medium of motion, the medium of rest, space, and matter. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative plural.
Sanskrit in this line
dharma-adharma-ākāśa-pudgalāḥ (धर्म-अधर्म-आकाश-पुद्गलाः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss ajīva-kāyā (अजीव-काया) and dharma-adharma-ākāśa-pudgalāḥ (धर्म-अधर्म-आकाश-पुद्गलाः).