1.1.16
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.16
द्रव्याश्रयी अगुणवान् संयोगविभागेष्वकारणमनपेक्ष इति गुणलक्षणम्
dravyāśrayī aguṇavān saṃyogavibhāgeṣv akāraṇam anapekṣa iti guṇalakṣaṇam
The line
The mark of a quality is that it rests on a substance, bears no quality, and is not an independent cause of conjunction and disjunction.
नेपालीमा
गुणको चिह्न यो हो कि त्यो द्रव्यमा बस्छ, गुण बोक्दैन, र संयोग र विभागको स्वतन्त्र कारण होइन।
Where it sits
dravya from 1.1.15 is now the support, not the thing defined. 1.1.17 keeps aguṇa (अगुण) and the conjunctions, and changes the cause from 'not independent' to 'independent.'
Split: dravya-āśrayī (द्रव्य-आश्रयी) + a-guṇavān (अ-गुणवान्) + saṃyoga-vibhāgeṣu (संयोग-विभागेषु) + a-kāraṇam (अ-कारणम्) + anapekṣaḥ (अनपेक्षः) + iti (इति) + guṇa-lakṣaṇam (गुण-लक्षणम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dravya-āśrayī (द्रव्य-आश्रयी) | nominative singular, masculine | resting on a substance. āśraya (आश्रय) is a support. The quality's support is a substance. |
| a-guṇavān (अ-गुणवान्) | nominative singular, masculine | not possessing a quality. A color has no color of its own. |
| saṃyoga-vibhāgeṣu (संयोग-विभागेषु) | locative plural, masculine | in conjunctions and disjunctions. |
| a-kāraṇam (अ-कारणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | a non-cause. |
| anapekṣaḥ (अनपेक्षः) | nominative singular, masculine | independent, not waiting on another. With akāraṇam (अकारणम्): not an independent cause. |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. The definition is closed. |
| guṇa-lakṣaṇam (गुण-लक्षणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the defining mark of quality. |
The phrases
Four marks. It resides in a substance. It does not have a further quality in it. In the matter of conjunction and disjunction it is not a cause that works on its own.
Action, in the next line, is that independent cause. The contrast is the point of anapekṣa (अनपेक्ष). A quality can be involved when things join. It is not, by itself, what joins them.
Sanskrit in this line
The pāṭha (पाठ) joins dravyāśrayy (द्रव्याश्रय्य्) aguṇavān (अगुणवान्) into dravyāśrayyaguṇavān (द्रव्याश्रय्यगुणवान्). The y is the end of āśrayī (आश्रयी) before a vowel: ī (ई) becomes y, and the a of aguṇavān (अगुणवान्) is heard next. anapekṣa (अनपेक्ष) in the file has no visarga. Recite anapekṣaḥ (अनपेक्षः), nominative.
Say it back
Three negatives in this definition. Say them.