Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 3
Adhyāya 3
Summary
Adhyāya (अध्याय) 3 establishes the objects of the senses and infers the self. What is grasped by a sense is used as a ground. The self is not seen the way a pot is seen. It is reached by a mark. That inference is the claim this book shares with Nyāya (न्याय), and the claim the Buddhist books refuse.
नेपालीमा
अध्याय ३ ले इन्द्रियका विषय स्थापित गर्छ र आत्माको अनुमान गर्छ। इन्द्रियले समातेको कुरालाई आधार बनाइन्छ। आत्मा घडाझैँ देखिँदैन। चिह्नबाट पुगिन्छ। त्यो अनुमान न्यायसँग साझा दाबी हो, र बौद्ध पुस्तकले अस्वीकार गर्ने दाबी हो।
The objects of the senses are established, and the self is inferred.
40 of 40 lines in this chapter are written out word by word.
| Line | |
|---|---|
| 3.1.1 | प्रसिद्धा इन्द्रियार्थाः prasiddhā indriyārthāḥ Already familiar, a compound: a sense, and a thing, a meaning. |
| 3.1.2 | इन्द्रियार्थाप्रसिद्धिरिन्द्रियार्थेभ्योर्ऽथान्तरस्य हेतुः indriyārthāprasiddhirindriyārthebhyor'thāntarasya hetuḥ Of a compound: indri (इन्द्रि), yārthāpra (यार्थाप्र), establishment, rindri (रिन्द्रि), yārthe (यार्थे), bhyo (भ्यो), r'thā (र्ऽथा), and ntara (न्तर), a reason. |
| 3.1.3 | सोऽनपदेशः so 'napadeśaḥ He, that. saḥ (सः) before a voiced sound, a compound: anapa (अनप), and a place. |
| 3.1.4 | कारणाज्ञानात् kāraṇājñānāt Because of a compound: a cause, and not-knowing. |
| 3.1.5 | कार्येषु ज्ञानात् kāryeṣu jñānāt In an effect, because of from knowing. |
| 3.1.6 | अज्ञानाच्च ajñānācca ajñānācca (अज्ञानाच्च). |
| 3.1.7 | अन्यदेव हेतुरित्यनपदेशः anyadeva heturityanapadeśaḥ Another. anyat before a voiced sound just, a compound: a reason, ritya (रित्य), napa (नप), and a place. |
| 3.1.8 | अर्थान्तरं ह्यर्थान्तरस्यानपदेशः arthāntaraṃ hyarthāntarasyānapadeśaḥ A different thing, a compound: hyarthā (ह्यर्था), ntara (न्तर), syānapa (स्यानप), and a place. |
| 3.1.9 | संयोगि समवाय्येकार्थसमवायि विरोधि च saṃyogi samavāyyekārthasamavāyi virodhi ca In conjunction, in a compound: an equalizing, a rejoinder that turns an example back, vāyye (वाय्ये), kārtha (कार्थ), and inherence, opposing and. |
| 3.1.10 | कार्यं कार्यान्तरस्य kāryaṃ kāryāntarasya An effect, of a compound: an effect, and a difference, an interval. |
| 3.1.11 | विरोध्यभूतं भूतस्य virodhyabhūtaṃ bhūtasya A compound: viro (विरो), dhya (ध्य), and an element, of an element. |
| 3.1.12 | भूतमभूतस्य bhūtamabhūtasya Of a compound: an element, and mabhūta (मभूत). |
| 3.1.13 | भूतो भूतस्य bhūto bhūtasya An element, of an element. |
| 3.1.14 | प्रसिद्धिपूर्वकत्वादपदेशस्य prasiddhipūrvakatvādapadeśasya Of a compound: prasi (प्रसि), ddhi (द्धि), the earlier, katvā (कत्वा), dapa (दप), and a place. |
| 3.1.15 | अप्रसिद्धोऽनपदेशोऽसन् सन्दिग्धश्चानपदेशः aprasiddho 'napadeśo 'san sandigdhaścānapadeśaḥ A compound: apra (अप्र), and established, a compound: anapa (अनप), and a place, not being. sat before n, a compound: sandi (सन्दि), gdha (ग्ध), ścānapa (श्चानप). |
| 3.1.16 | यस्माद्विषाणी तस्मादश्वः yasmādviṣāṇī tasmādaśvaḥ yasmādviṣāṇa (यस्माद्विषाण), tasmādaśva (तस्मादश्व). |
| 3.1.17 | यस्माद्विषाणी तस्माद्गौरितिचानैकान्तिकस्योदाहरणम् yasmādviṣāṇī tasmādgauriticānaikāntikasyodāharaṇam yasmādviṣāṇa (यस्माद्विषाण), tasmādgauriticānaikāntikasyodāharaṇa (तस्माद्गौरितिचानैकान्तिकस्योदाहरण). |
| 3.1.18 | आत्मेन्द्रियार्थसन्निकर्षाद्यन्निष्पद्यते तदन्यत् ātmendriyārthasannikarṣādyanniṣpadyate tadanyat In ātmendriyārthasannikarṣādyanniṣpadyata (आत्मेन्द्रियार्थसन्निकर्षाद्यन्निष्पद्यत), that, another. |
| 3.1.19 | प्रवृत्तिनिवृत्ती च प्रत्यगात्मनि दृष्टे परत्र लिङ्गम् pravṛttinivṛttī ca pratyagātmani dṛṣṭe paratra liṅgam A compound: activity, setting out to act, and nivṛtta (निवृत्त) and, in the inward self, in seen, paratra (परत्र), a mark. |
| 3.2.1 | आत्मेन्द्रियार्थसन्निकर्षज्ञानस्य भावोऽभावश्च मनसो लिङ्गम् ātmendriyārthasannikarṣajñānasya bhāvo 'bhāvaśca manaso liṅgam Of a compound: ātme (आत्मे), ndri (न्द्रि), yārtha (यार्थ), contact, and knowing, a being, a state. bhāvaḥ (भावः) before a voiced sound, abhāvaśca (अभावश्च), the mind, a mark. |
| 3.2.2 | तस्य द्रव्यत्व नित्यत्वे वायुना व्याख्याते tasya dravyatva nityatve vāyunā vyākhyāte Of of that, his, a compound: a substance, and the state of being that, in a compound: eternal, and the state of being that, by means of. |
| 3.2.3 | प्रयत्नायौगपद्याज्ज्ञानायौगपद्याच्चैकम् prayatnāyaugapadyājjñānāyaugapadyāccaikam prayatnāyaugapadyājjñānāyaugapadyāccaika (प्रयत्नायौगपद्याज्ज्ञानायौगपद्याच्चैक). |
| 3.2.4 | प्राणापाननिमेषोन्मेषजीवनमनोगतीन्द्रियान्तर विकाराः सुखदुःखेच्छाद्वेष प्रयत्नाश्चात्मनो लिङ्गानि prāṇāpānanimeṣonmeṣajīvanamanogatīndriyāntara vikārāḥ sukhaduḥkhecchādveṣa prayatnāścātmano liṅgāni A compound: prāṇā (प्राणा), pāna (पान), nime (निमे), ṣonme (षोन्मे), ṣajī (षजी), a forest, mano (मनो), gatī (गती), ndri (न्द्रि), and yāntara (यान्तर), a transformation, a compound:. |
| 3.2.5 | तस्य द्रव्यत्वनित्यत्वे वायुना व्याख्याते tasya dravyatvanityatve vāyunā vyākhyāte Of of that, his, in a compound: a substance, the state of being that, eternal, and the state of being that, by means of air, in explained. |
| 3.2.6 | यज्ञदत्त इति सन्निकर्षे प्रत्यक्षाभावात् दृष्टं लिङ्गं न विद्यते yajñadatta iti sannikarṣe pratyakṣābhāvāt dṛṣṭaṃ liṅgaṃ na vidyate A compound: a sacrifice, and datta (दत्त) thus, in contact, because of a compound: direct, and absence, seen, a mark, not is found. |
| 3.2.7 | सामान्यतो दृष्टाच्चाविशेषः sāmānyato dṛṣṭāccāviśeṣaḥ sāmānyata (सामान्यत), a compound: dṛṣṭāccā (दृष्टाच्चा), and a difference. |
| 3.2.8 | तस्मादागमिकः tasmādāgamikaḥ tasmādāgamika (तस्मादागमिक). |
| 3.2.9 | अहमिति शब्दस्य व्यतिरेकान्नागमिकम् ahamiti śabdasya vyatirekānnāgamikam I thus, of a word, vyatirekānnāgamika (व्यतिरेकान्नागमिक). |
| 3.2.10 | यदि दृष्टमन्वक्षमहं देवदत्तोऽहं यज्ञदत्त इति yadi dṛṣṭamanvakṣamahaṃ devadatto 'haṃ yajñadatta iti If, a compound: seen, manva (मन्व), and kṣamaha (क्षमह), devadatta (देवदत्त), I, a compound: a sacrifice, and datta (दत्त) thus. |
| 3.2.11 | दृष्ट्यात्मनि लिङ्गे एक एव दृढत्वात् प्रत्यक्षवत् प्रत्ययः dṛṣṭyātmani liṅge eka eva dṛḍhatvāt pratyakṣavat pratyayaḥ In a compound: a view, and the self, in a mark, one just, because of dṛḍhatva (दृढत्व), a compound: direct, and possessing, a condition. |
| 3.2.12 | देवदत्तो गच्छति यज्ञदत्तो गच्छतीत्युपचाराच्छरीरे प्रत्ययः devadatto gacchati yajñadatto gacchatītyupacārāccharīre pratyayaḥ devadatta (देवदत्त), goes, a compound: a sacrifice, and datta (दत्त), in gacchatītyupacārāccharīra (गच्छतीत्युपचाराच्छरीर), a condition. |
| 3.2.13 | सन्दिग्धास्तूपचाराः sandigdhāstūpacārāḥ sandigdhāstūpacāra (सन्दिग्धास्तूपचार). |
| 3.2.14 | अहमिति प्रत्यगात्मनि भावात् परत्राभावादर्थान्तर प्रत्यक्षः ahamiti pratyagātmani bhāvāt paratrābhāvādarthāntara pratyakṣaḥ I thus, in the inward self, because of a state, a compound: another, the higher, trābhā (त्राभा), honest debate, rthā (र्था), and ntara (न्तर), direct. |
| 3.2.15 | देवदत्तो गच्छतीत्युपचारादभिमानात्तावच्छरीरप्रत्यक्षोऽहङ्कारः devadatto gacchatītyupacārādabhimānāttāvaccharīrapratyakṣo 'haṅkāraḥ devadatta (देवदत्त), a compound: gaccha (गच्छ), tītyu (तीत्यु), pacā (पचा), rāda (राद), bhimā (भिमा), nāttā (नात्ता), vaccha (वच्छ), rīra (रीर), and direct, ahaṅkāra (अहङ्कार). |
| 3.2.16 | सन्दिग्धस्तूपचारः sandigdhastūpacāraḥ sandigdhastūpacāra (सन्दिग्धस्तूपचार). |
| 3.2.17 | न तु शरीरविशेषाद्यज्ञदत्त विष्णुमित्रयोर्ज्ञानविषयः na tu śarīraviśeṣādyajñadatta viṣṇumitrayorjñānaviṣayaḥ Not but, a compound: the body, viśe (विशे), ṣādya (षाद्य), and jñadatta (ज्ञदत्त), a compound: viṣṇu (विष्णु), mitra (मित्र), yorjñāna (योर्ज्ञान), and an object. |
| 3.2.18 | अहमिति मुख्ययोग्याभ्यां शब्दवद्व्यतिरेकाव्यभिचाराद्विशेष सिद्धेर्नागमिकः ahamiti mukhyayogyābhyāṃ śabdavadvyatirekāvyabhicārādviśeṣa siddhernāgamikaḥ I thus, by means of a compound: primary, and yogya (योग्य), a compound: a word, vadvya (वद्व्य), tire (तिरे), kāvya (काव्य), bhicā (भिचा), rādvi (राद्वि), and the rest, what. |
| 3.2.19 | सुखदुःख ज्ञाननिष्पत्त्यविशेषादैकात्म्यम् sukhaduḥkha jñānaniṣpattyaviśeṣādaikātmyam A compound: pleasure, and pain, a compound: knowing, niṣpa (निष्प), ttya (त्त्य), viśe (विशे), ṣāda (षाद), and ikātmya (इकात्म्य). |
| 3.2.20 | व्यवस्थातो नाना vyavasthāto nānā vyavasthāta (व्यवस्थात), not, not. |
| 3.2.21 | शास्त्रसामर्थ्याच्च śāstrasāmarthyācca A compound: a teaching, a treatise, sāma (साम), and rthyācca (र्थ्याच्च). |