Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 4
Adhyāya 4
Summary
Adhyāya (अध्याय) 4 is the eternal and the non eternal. Atoms are the eternal substances of earth, water, fire, and air. Products made of them perish. The body is taken up here as a product, not as the self.
नेपालीमा
अध्याय ४ मा नित्य र अनित्यको कुरा छ। परमाणु पृथ्वी, जल, तेज र वायुका नित्य द्रव्य हुन्। तिनीबाट बनेका कार्य नाश हुन्छन्। शरीर यहाँ कार्यका रूपमा लिइन्छ, आत्माका रूपमा होइन।
The eternal and the non-eternal. Atoms. The body.
24 of 24 lines in this chapter are written out word by word.
| Line | |
|---|---|
| 4.1.1 | सदकारणवन्नित्यम् sadakāraṇavannityam A compound: sada (सद), a cause, vanni (वन्नि), and tyama (त्यम). |
| 4.1.2 | तस्य कार्यं लिङ्गम् tasya kāryaṃ liṅgam Of of that, his, an effect, a mark. |
| 4.1.3 | कारणभावात् कार्याभावः kāraṇabhāvāt kāryābhāvaḥ Because of a compound: a cause, and a state, a compound: an effect, and absence. |
| 4.1.4 | अनित्य इति विशेषतः प्रतिषेधभावः anitya iti viśeṣataḥ pratiṣedhabhāvaḥ Not eternal thus, a compound: a difference, and taḥa (तःअ), a compound: a denial, and a state. |
| 4.1.5 | अविद्या avidyā Not-knowing. |
| 4.1.6 | महत्यनेकद्रव्यवत्त्वात् रूपाच्चोपलब्धिः mahatyanekadravyavattvāt rūpāccopalabdhiḥ A compound: maha (मह), tyaneka (त्यनेक), a substance, and vattvāta (वत्त्वात), rūpāccopalabdha (रूपाच्चोपलब्ध). |
| 4.1.7 | सत्यपि द्रव्यत्वे महत्त्वे रूपसंस्काराभावाद्वायोरनुपलब्धिः satyapi dravyatve mahattve rūpasaṃskārābhāvādvāyoranupalabdhiḥ In satyapa (सत्यप), in a compound: a substance, and the state of being that, in mahattva (महत्त्व), a compound: a form, saṃskā (संस्का), rābhā (राभा), vādvā (वाद्वा). |
| 4.1.8 | अनेकद्रव्यसमवायात् रूपविशेषाच्च रूपोपलब्धिः anekadravyasamavāyāt rūpaviśeṣācca rūpopalabdhiḥ Because of a compound: several, a substance, and inherence, a compound: a form, viśe (विशे), and ṣācca (षाच्च), rūpopalabdha (रूपोपलब्ध). |
| 4.1.9 | तेन रसगन्धस्पर्शेषु ज्ञानं व्याख्यातम् tena rasagandhasparśeṣu jñānaṃ vyākhyātam By means of by that, in a compound: taste, smell, and touch, knowing, has been explained. |
| 4.1.10 | तस्याभावादव्यभिचारः tasyābhāvādavyabhicāraḥ A compound: tasyābhā (तस्याभा), honest debate, vyabhi (व्यभि), and cāra (चार). |
| 4.1.11 | संख्याः परिमाणानि पृथक्त्वं संयोग विभागौ परत्वापरत्वे कर्म च रूपद्रव्यसमवायात् चाक्षुषाणि saṃkhyāḥ parimāṇāni pṛthaktvaṃ saṃyoga vibhāgau paratvāparatve karma ca rūpadravyasamavāyāt cākṣuṣāṇi Number, measure, separately, you, conjunction, disjunction, in a compound: priority, and posteriority, an action and, because of a. |
| 4.1.12 | अरूपिष्वचाक्षुषाणि arūpiṣvacākṣuṣāṇi arūpiṣvacākṣuṣa (अरूपिष्वचाक्षुष). |
| 4.1.13 | एतेन गुणत्वे भावे च सर्वेन्द्रियं ज्ञानं व्याख्यातम् etena guṇatve bhāve ca sarvendriyaṃ jñānaṃ vyākhyātam By means of by this, in a compound: a quality, and the state of being that, in in a state and, a compound: all, and a sense, knowing, has. |
| 4.2.1 | तत्पुनः पृथिव्यादिकार्यद्रव्यं त्रिविधं शरीरेन्द्रियविषयसंज्ञकम् tatpunaḥ pṛthivyādikāryadravyaṃ trividhaṃ śarīrendriyaviṣayasaṃjñakam That, again, a compound: earth, the beginning, and the rest, an effect, and a substance, trividha (त्रिविध), a compound: the body, a sense, an. |
| 4.2.2 | प्रत्यक्षाप्रत्यक्षाणां संयोगस्याप्रत्यक्षत्वात् पञ्चात्मकं न विद्यते pratyakṣāpratyakṣāṇāṃ saṃyogasyāpratyakṣatvāt pañcātmakaṃ na vidyate Of a compound: toward, against, akṣā (अक्षा), and direct, because of a compound: conjunction, syāpra (स्याप्र), and tyakṣatva (त्यक्षत्व), pañcātmaka (पञ्चात्मक), not is. |
| 4.2.3 | गुणान्तराप्रादुर्भावाच्च न त्र्यात्मकम् guṇāntarāprādurbhāvācca na tryātmakam guṇāntarāprādurbhāvācca (गुणान्तराप्रादुर्भावाच्च), not tryātmaka (त्र्यात्मक). |
| 4.2.4 | अणुसंयोगस्त्वप्रतिषिद्धः aṇusaṃyogastvapratiṣiddhaḥ A compound: aṇusa (अणुस), ṃyoga (ंयोग), stva (स्त्व), toward, against, and ṣiddha (षिद्ध). |
| 4.2.5 | तत्र शरीरं द्विविधं योनिजमयोनिजं च tatra śarīraṃ dvividhaṃ yonijamayonijaṃ ca There, the body, dvividha (द्विविध), a compound: yoni (योनि), jamayo (जमयो), and one's own and. |
| 4.2.6 | अनियतदिग्देशपूर्वकत्वात् aniyatadigdeśapūrvakatvāt Because of a compound: aniya (अनिय), tadi (तदि), gdeśa (ग्देश), the earlier, and katva (कत्व). |
| 4.2.7 | धर्मविशेषाच्च dharmaviśeṣācca A compound: dharma, a property, viśe (विशे), and ṣācca (षाच्च). |
| 4.2.8 | समाख्याभावाच्च samākhyābhāvācca A compound: a name, and bhāvācca (भावाच्च). |
| 4.2.9 | संज्ञाया आदित्वात् saṃjñāyā āditvāt saṃjñāya (संज्ञाय), because of a compound: the beginning, and the rest, and the state of being that. |
| 4.2.10 | सन्त्ययोनिजाः santyayonijāḥ A compound: they are, and ayonija (अयोनिज). |
| 4.2.11 | वेदलिङ्गाच्च vedaliṅgācca A compound: the Veda, and liṅgācca (लिङ्गाच्च). |