1.1.2
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.2
यतोऽभ्युदयनिःश्रेयससिद्धिः स धर्मः
yato 'bhyudayaniḥśreyasasiddhiḥ sa dharmaḥ
The line
Dharma is that from which one attains elevation and the highest good.
नेपालीमा
धर्म त्यो हो जसबाट अभ्युदय र निःश्रेयस पाइन्छ।
Where it sits
This is not Jaimini's definition. Jaimini tied dharma (धर्म) to injunction. Kaṇāda (कणाद) ties it to the fruit. 1.1.3 will say the Veda is a means of knowing because it speaks of this dharma (धर्म). 1.1.4 moves to the categories, because knowing them is how the highest good is actually reached.
Split: yataḥ (यतः) + abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-siddhiḥ (अभ्युदय-निःश्रेयस-सिद्धिः) + saḥ (सः) + dharmaḥ (धर्मः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yataḥ (यतः) | ablative singular | from which. |
| abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-siddhiḥ (अभ्युदय-निःश्रेयस-सिद्धिः) | nominative singular, feminine | the attainment of elevation and of the highest good. abhyudaya is rising, the good of this world and the next. niḥśreyasa (निःश्रेयस) is the good with nothing beyond it, release. |
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | that. Correlative of yataḥ (यतः). |
| dharmaḥ (धर्मः) | nominative singular, masculine | dharma (धर्म). |
The phrases
yataḥ (यतः) ... saḥ (सः) is 'that from which ... that one.' Dharma is whatever the two goods come from.
The apostrophe in yato 'bhyudaya drops the a of abhyudaya after yataḥ (यतः) has become yato. Split yataḥ (यतः) abhyudaya.
Sanskrit in this line
A relative yataḥ (यतः) wants a correlative saḥ (सः). The gender of saḥ (सः) follows dharmaḥ (धर्मः), masculine, not the feminine siddhiḥ (सिद्धिः). The attainment is what comes from dharma (धर्म). It is not itself the grammatical subject of saḥ (सः).
Say it back
Two fruits. Say them in Sanskrit, and say which one is release.
Next
1.1.3. The Veda is a means of knowing because it speaks of that dharma (धर्म).