10.2.1
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 10 / 10.2.1
कारणमिति द्रव्ये कार्यसमवायात्
kāraṇamiti dravye kāryasamavāyāt
The line
A cause thus, in a substance, because of a compound: an effect, and inherence.
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 10. Pleasure and pain are different things. The book closes on the authority of the Veda. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: kāraṇam (कारणम्) + iti (इति) + dravye (द्रव्ये) + kārya-samavāyāt (कार्य-समवायात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| kāraṇam (कारणम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a cause |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. It closes a quote or a thought |
| dravye (द्रव्ये) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a substance |
| kārya-samavāyāt (कार्य-समवायात्) | ablative singular | a compound: an effect, and inherence. Read it from the end |
The phrases
kāraṇam (कारणम्) is a cause. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. iti (इति) is thus. It closes a quote or a thought. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as kāraṇamiti (कारणमिति).
dravye (द्रव्ये) is a substance. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. kārya-samavāyāt (कार्य-समवायात्) is a compound: an effect, and inherence. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
kārya-samavāyāt (कार्य-समवायात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as kāraṇamiti (कारणमिति).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss kāraṇam (कारणम्) and dravye (द्रव्ये).