2.2.20
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 2 / 2.2.20
विद्याविद्यातश्च संशयः
vidyāvidyātaśca saṃśayaḥ
The line
A compound: knowing, not-knowing, and taśca (तश्च), doubt.
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 2. Earth, water, fire, air, and the qualities that mark them. Then ether, time, and space. The line is short. yathā-dṛṣṭama-yathā-adṛṣṭa-tvācca (यथा-दृष्टम-यथा-अदृष्ट-त्वाच्च) from 2.2.19 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: vidyā-avidyā-taśca (विद्या-अविद्या-तश्च) + saṃśayaḥ (संशयः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vidyā-avidyā-taśca (विद्या-अविद्या-तश्च) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: knowing, not-knowing, and taśca (तश्च). Read it from the end |
| saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) | nominative singular, masculine | doubt |
The phrases
vidyā-avidyā-taśca (विद्या-अविद्या-तश्च) is a compound: knowing, not-knowing, and taśca (तश्च). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
saṃśayaḥ (संशयः) is doubt. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
vidyā-avidyā-taśca (विद्या-अविद्या-तश्च) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vidyā-avidyā-taśca (विद्या-अविद्या-तश्च) and saṃśayaḥ (संशयः).