5.1.1
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 5 / 5.1.1
आत्मसंयोग प्रयत्नाभ्यां हस्ते कर्म
ātmasaṃyoga prayatnābhyāṃ haste karma
The line
A compound: ātma (आत्म), and conjunction, by means of effort, in hasta (हस्त), an action.
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 5. Action: movement in the hand, and what sets a thing moving. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: ātma-saṃyoga (आत्म-संयोग) + prayatnābhyāṃ (प्रयत्नाभ्यां) + haste (हस्ते) + karma (कर्म)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ātma-saṃyoga (आत्म-संयोग) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: ātma (आत्म), and conjunction. Read it from the end |
| prayatnābhyāṃ (प्रयत्नाभ्यां) | instrumental, dative, or ablative dual | effort |
| haste (हस्ते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | hasta (हस्त) |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | an action |
The phrases
ātma-saṃyoga (आत्म-संयोग) is a compound: ātma (आत्म), and conjunction. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. prayatnābhyāṃ (प्रयत्नाभ्यां) is effort. It stands as instrumental, dative, or ablative dual.
haste (हस्ते) is hasta (हस्त). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. karma (कर्म) is an action. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
prayatnābhyāṃ (प्रयत्नाभ्यां) is instrumental, dative, or ablative dual. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss ātma-saṃyoga (आत्म-संयोग) and prayatnābhyāṃ (प्रयत्नाभ्यां).
Next
5.1.2. So, in that way, hastasaṃyogācca (हस्तसंयोगाच्च), in musala (मुसल), an action.