7.1.21
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 7 / 7.1.21
अविद्या च विद्यालिङ्गम्
avidyā ca vidyāliṅgam
The line
Not-knowing and, a compound: knowing, and a mark.
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 7. The qualities, taken up again: number, measure, conjunction, and the rest. The line is short. nityaṃ (नित्यं) from 7.1.20 is still in force. A sūtra (सूत्र) leaves a word out when the line before still holds it. That carrying is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति).
Split: avidyā (अविद्या) + ca (च) + vidyā-liṅgam (विद्या-लिङ्गम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| avidyā (अविद्या) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | not-knowing |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| vidyā-liṅgam (विद्या-लिङ्गम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: knowing, and a mark. Read it from the end |
The phrases
avidyā (अविद्या) is not-knowing. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
vidyā-liṅgam (विद्या-लिङ्गम्) is a compound: knowing, and a mark. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
vidyā-liṅgam (विद्या-लिङ्गम्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss avidyā (अविद्या) and vidyā-liṅgam (विद्या-लिङ्गम्).