Tarka-Saṃgraha / 79. Inherence
79
नित्यसंबन्धः समवायः । अयुतसिद्धवृत्तिः । ययोर् द्वयोर् मध्ये एकमविनश्यदपराश्रितमेवावतिष्ठते तावयुतसिद्धौ । यथावयवावयविनौ गुणगुणिनौ क्रियाक्रियावन्तौ जातिव्यक्ती विशेषनित्यद्रव्ये च nityasaṃbandhaḥ samavāyaḥ | ayutasiddhavṛttiḥ | yayor dvayor madhye ekam avinaśyad aparāśritam evāvatiṣṭhate tāv ayutasiddhau | yathāvayavāvayavinau guṇaguṇinau kriyākriyāvantau jātivyaktī viśeṣanityadravye ca
The line
Inherence is an eternal relation, and it obtains between things established as inseparable. Two things are of that kind when, of the two, one stands only as resting on the other for as long as it has not perished. Such are part and whole, quality and its bearer, action and its bearer, the class and the individual, and the particular and the eternal substance.
नेपालीमा
समवाय नित्य सम्बन्ध हो, र नछुट्टिने गरी सिद्ध भएका कुराहरूका बीच रहन्छ। ती दुईमध्ये एउटा ननासिँदासम्म अर्कोमा अडिएर मात्र रहन्छ, जस्तै अंश र पूर्ण, गुण र त्यसको आश्रय, कर्म र त्यसको आश्रय, जाति र व्यक्ति, तथा विशेष र नित्य द्रव्य।
Where it sits
Absence, the last category, is defined at 80.
Split: nitya-saṃbandhaḥ (नित्य-संबन्धः) + samavāyaḥ (समवायः) + ayuta-siddha-vṛttiḥ (अयुत-सिद्ध-वृत्तिः) + yayoḥ (ययोः) + dvayoḥ (द्वयोः) + madhye (मध्ये) + ekam (एकम्) + avinaśyat (अविनश्यत्) + apara-āśritam (अपर-आश्रितम्) + eva (एव) + avatiṣṭhate (अवतिष्ठते) + tau (तौ) + ayuta-siddhau (अयुत-सिद्धौ)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| nitya-saṃbandhaḥ (नित्य-संबन्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | An eternal relation. |
| samavāyaḥ (समवायः) | nominative singular, masculine | Inherence. One, as 8 said. |
| ayuta-siddha-vṛttiḥ (अयुत-सिद्ध-वृत्तिः) | nominative singular, masculine | Occurring between things that are established as not separate. yuta (युत) is joined and then parted. ayuta (अयुत) is what was never a separate pair. |
| yayoḥ dvayoḥ (ययोः द्वयोः) | genitive dual | Of which two. |
| ekam avinaśyat apara-āśritam eva avatiṣṭhate (एकमविनश्यतपर-आश्रितमेव अवतिष्ठते) | one, while it lasts, stands only as resting on the other | That is what it is to be ayutasiddha (अयुतसिद्ध). |
| avayava-avayavinau (अवयव-अवयविनौ) | nominative dual | Part and whole. |
| guṇa-guṇinau (गुण-गुणिनौ) | nominative dual | Quality and the bearer of the quality. |
| kriyā-kriyāvantau (क्रिया-क्रियावन्तौ) | nominative dual | Action and what has the action. |
| jāti-vyaktī (जाति-व्यक्ती) | nominative dual | The class and the individual. jāti (जाति) here is the common of 77. |
| viśeṣa-nitya-dravye (विशेष-नित्य-द्रव्ये) | nominative dual | The particular and the eternal substance. |
The phrases
Inherence is not conjunction. Conjunction begins and ends. Inherence is the relation of what cannot be set apart and still be what it is.
Five pairs. The cloth and its threads, the color and the cloth, the motion and the moving thing, cow-hood and the cow, the particular and its atom.
Sanskrit in this line
A (अ) plus yuta (युत) plus siddha (सिद्ध) is ayutasiddha (अयुतसिद्ध).
Yathā (यथा) plus avayava (अवयव) is yathāvayava (यथावयव). The dual ending -au (-औ) names the pair.
Say it back
Name the five pairs, and say what keeps inherence apart from conjunction.