Tarka-Saṃgraha / 80. Four absences
80
अनादिः सान्तः प्रागभावः उत्पत्तेः पूर्वं कार्यस्य । सादिरनन्तः प्रध्वंसः उत्पत्त्यनन्तरं कार्यस्य । त्रैकालिकसंसर्गावच्छिन्नप्रतियोगिताकोऽत्यन्ताभावः यथा भूतले घटो नास्ति इति । तादात्म्यसंबन्धावच्छिन्नप्रतियोगिताकोऽन्योन्याभावः यथा घटः पटो न भवति इति anādiḥ sāntaḥ prāgabhāvaḥ utpatteḥ pūrvaṃ kāryasya | sādir anantaḥ pradhvaṃsaḥ utpattyanantaraṃ kāryasya | traikālikasaṃsargāvacchinnapratiyogitāko 'tyantābhāvaḥ yathā bhūtale ghaṭo nāsti iti | tādātmyasaṃbandhāvacchinnapratiyogitāko 'nyonyābhāvaḥ yathā ghaṭaḥ paṭo na bhavati iti
The line
Prior absence has no beginning and has an end: it is the effect's absence before production. Destruction has a beginning and no end: it is the effect's absence after production. Absolute absence is absence whose counterpositive is limited by a relation holding in all three times, as 'the pot is not on the ground.' Mutual absence is absence whose counterpositive is limited by identity, as 'the pot is not a cloth.'
नेपालीमा
प्रागभावको आदि हुँदैन र अन्त हुन्छ, त्यो उत्पादनअघि कार्यको अभाव हो, र प्रध्वंसको आदि हुन्छ र अन्त हुँदैन, त्यो उत्पादनपछि कार्यको अभाव हो। अत्यन्ताभाव त्यो अभाव हो जसको प्रतियोगी तीनै कालमा रहने सम्बन्धले सीमित छ, जस्तै घडा जमिनमा छैन, र अन्योन्याभाव त्यो अभाव हो जसको प्रतियोगी तादात्म्यले सीमित छ, जस्तै घडा कपडा होइन।
Where it sits
The four were named at 9. The perception of the pot's absence on the ground was the sixth contact at 43. The book closes at 81.
Split: anādiḥ (अनादिः) + sāntaḥ (सान्तः) + prāk-abhāvaḥ (प्राक्-अभावः) + utpatteḥ (उत्पत्तेः) + pūrvam (पूर्वम्) + kāryasya (कार्यस्य) + sādiḥ (सादिः) + anantaḥ (अनन्तः) + pradhvaṃsaḥ (प्रध्वंसः) + utpatti-anantaram (उत्पत्ति-अनन्तरम्) + kāryasya (कार्यस्य) + traikālika-saṃsarga-avacchinna-pratiyogitākaḥ (त्रैकालिक-संसर्ग-अवच्छिन्न-प्रतियोगिताकः) + atyanta-abhāvaḥ (अत्यन्त-अभावः) + tādātmya-saṃbandha-avacchinna-pratiyogitākaḥ (तादात्म्य-संबन्ध-अवच्छिन्न-प्रतियोगिताकः) + anyonya-abhāvaḥ (अन्योन्य-अभावः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| prāk-abhāvaḥ (प्राक्-अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | Prior absence. Without a beginning, and with an end. It ends when the effect is produced. It is the effect's absence before production. The counterpositive of 39. |
| anādiḥ (अनादिः) | nominative singular, masculine | Without a beginning. |
| sāntaḥ (सान्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | With an end. sa (स) plus anta (अन्त). |
| pradhvaṃsaḥ (प्रध्वंसः) | nominative singular, masculine | Destruction, the absence after destruction. With a beginning, the moment of destruction, and without an end. |
| atyanta-abhāvaḥ (अत्यन्त-अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | Absolute absence. Its counterpositiveness is limited by a relation in all three times. On the ground, the pot is not. The file's long compound traikālikasaṃsargāvacchinnapratiyogitāka (त्रैकालिकसंसर्गावच्छिन्नप्रतियोगिताक) is this. |
| anyonya-abhāvaḥ (अन्योन्य-अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | Mutual absence. Its counterpositiveness is limited by the relation of identity. The pot is not a cloth. |
The phrases
Prior absence ends when the thing begins. Destruction begins when the thing ends, and does not end.
Absolute absence is absence through past, present, and future, under a given relation.
Mutual absence is difference. This is not that.
Sanskrit in this line
Sa (स) plus ādi (आदि) is sādi (सादि), with a beginning. An (अन्) plus ādi (आदि) is anādi (अनादि).
Sa (स) plus anta (अन्त) is sānta (सान्त). An (अन्) plus anta (अन्त) is ananta (अनन्त).
Anyonya (अन्योन्य) plus abhāva (अभाव) is anyonyābhāva (अन्योन्याभाव).
Say it back
Match each absence with beginning or end, and give the pot-and-cloth sentence for mutual absence.