Quiz · 17.11–17.22

It is the gerundive of yaj (यज्), "to be offered." iti (इति) quotes यष्टव्यम् एव yaṣṭavyam eva. samādhāya (समाधाय) sets the mind on that thought: this is simply to be offered.

dīyate 'nupakāriṇe (दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे). ए + अ e + a keeps the e (ए) and drops the a (अ). The ऽ is that dropped a (अ), the start of anupakāriṇe (अनुपकारिणे), the one who does no favor in return.

Worship of the gods, the twice-born, the teacher, and the wise, cleanliness, straightness, ब्रह्मचर्य, and non-harm are called the austerity of the body.

Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) sorts sacrifice, austerity, and gift, each under सत्त्व, रजस्, and तमस्. The clear sacrifice is offered as the ordinance sees it, with the mind set on "it is simply to be offered." The driving one aims at a fruit and at show. The dark one is empty of the ordinance, of food given out, of mantra (मन्त्र), of the priest's gift, and of faith. Before the strands of austerity, he names the three seats: body, speech, and mind. That threefold austerity is clear when practiced with the highest faith by yoked people who do not long for a fruit, driving when done for honor and show, dark when it torments oneself or is done to ruin another. The clear gift is given because it is to be given, to one who will not repay, in the right place, time, and person. The driving gift is given for a return or a fruit, and with strain. The dark gift is given in the wrong place and time, to unfit people, without honor and with contempt.

śārīram (शारीरम्): worship, cleanliness, straightness, ब्रह्मचर्य, non-harm. vāṅmayam (वाङ्मयम्): speech that causes no distress, true, pleasant and beneficial, and the practice of one's own recitation. mānasam (मानसम्): clarity of mind, gentleness, silence, holding the self in, purity of one's state. The sitting fails if maunam (मौनम्) is placed in speech, or if ahiṃsā (अहिंसा) is placed in the mind.