Chapter 4
Jñāna-karma-sannyāsa (ज्ञान-कर्म-सन्न्यास)
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) has taught this before. Seeing inaction in action. He descends when dharma thins.
Summary
Chapter 4 says the teaching is old, and that Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) has given it before. He descends when dharma thins. Action and inaction are reread: one can be busy and free, or idle and bound. Sacrifice is widened past the fire. Knowledge burns what was done.
नेपालीमा
अध्याय ४ ले भन्छ, यो उपदेश पुरानो हो र कृष्णले पहिले पनि दिनुभएको हो। धर्म पातलिँदा उहाँ अवतरित हुनुहुन्छ। कर्म र अकर्मलाई फेरि पढिन्छ: मानिस व्यस्त भएर पनि स्वतन्त्र हुन सक्छ, अल्छी भएर पनि बाँधिन सक्छ। यज्ञलाई आगोभन्दा पर फराकिलो पारिन्छ। ज्ञानले गरिएको कुरालाई डढाउँछ।
1–10 श्रीभगवान् Śrī Bhagavān, Arjuna (अर्जुन) · This teaching is old
Summary
This teaching is old. It was given to Vivasvat and came down a line. Arjuna asks how Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण), born now, could have said it then. Many births have passed. When dharma declines he arises. One who knows that birth and that action as divine does not go to another birth. The section is the authority of the teaching, and the descent.
नेपालीमा
यो उपदेश पुरानो हो। यो विवस्वान्लाई दिइयो र परम्परा हुँदै तल आयो। अर्जुन सोध्छन्, अहिले जन्मनुभएका कृष्णले त्यसबेला कसरी भन्नुभयो? धेरै जन्म बितिसके। धर्मको ह्रास हुँदा उहाँ आउनुहुन्छ। उहाँको त्यो जन्म र त्यो कर्म दिव्य हो भनी जान्ने व्यक्ति अर्को जन्ममा जाँदैन। यो खण्ड उपदेशको प्रमाण र अवतारको कुरा हो।
11–23 श्रीभगवान् Śrī Bhagavān · Action and inaction
Summary
Action and inaction. As people approach him, so he meets them. The four classes are distinguished by the strands and by work, and he is not their doer. What is action, what is wrong action, and what is inaction are hard to see. The one who sees inaction in action is wise. The section frees the word action from the mere moving of limbs.
नेपालीमा
कर्म र अकर्म। मानिसहरू जसरी उहाँकहाँ आउँछन्, उहाँ तिनलाई त्यसरी नै भेट्नुहुन्छ। चार वर्ण गुण र कर्मअनुसार छुट्याइएका हुन्, तर उहाँ तिनको कर्ता हुनुहुन्न। कर्म के हो, विकर्म के हो र अकर्म के हो भनेर देख्न गाह्रो छ। कर्ममा अकर्म देख्ने ज्ञानी हो। यो खण्डले कर्म शब्दलाई अङ्ग चलाउने कुरामात्रबाट मुक्त गर्छ।
24–33 श्रीभगवान् Śrī Bhagavān · Sacrifice widened
Summary
Sacrifice is widened. The offering, the butter, the fire, and the offerer can all be Brahman. Some offer wealth, some austerity, some the breath in the breath. Knowledge as sacrifice is set above the sacrifices of objects. The section multiplies the word yajña (यज्ञ) until it is no longer only a fire on an altar.
नेपालीमा
यज्ञको दायरा फराकिलो पारिन्छ। आहुति, घिउ, आगो र होम गर्ने सबै ब्रह्म हुन सक्छन्। कसैले धन चढाउँछन्, कसैले तप, कसैले श्वासमा श्वास। ज्ञानरूपी यज्ञ वस्तुको यज्ञभन्दा माथि राखिन्छ। यो खण्डले यज्ञ शब्दलाई यति फराकिलो बनाउँछ कि त्यो वेदीको आगो मात्र रहँदैन।
34–42 श्रीभगवान् Śrī Bhagavān · Knowledge burns what was done
Summary
Knowledge burns what was done. Learn it by going to the teachers, by question, and by service. Even the worst doer crosses by the boat of knowledge. The fire of knowledge makes ashes of action. Cut the doubt in the heart with that knowledge and stand up. The section returns Arjuna to the bow by way of knowing, not by a new threat.
नेपालीमा
ज्ञानले गरिएको कर्मलाई डढाउँछ। गुरुकहाँ गएर, प्रश्न गरेर र सेवा गरेर सिक। सबैभन्दा निकृष्ट कर्ता पनि ज्ञानको डुङ्गाले तर्छ। ज्ञानको आगोले कर्मलाई खरानी बनाउँछ। त्यही ज्ञानले हृदयको शङ्का काट र उठ। यो खण्डले अर्जुनलाई ज्ञानको बाटो हुँदै धनुषतिर फर्काउँछ, कुनै नयाँ धम्कीले होइन।