1.12
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥
tasya sañjanayan harṣaṃ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
siṃhanādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) is the narrator again. Duryodhana's speech is over.
The verse
Producing joy in him, the elder of the Kurus, the grandfather, the majestic one, roared a lion's roar aloud and blew his conch.
नेपालीमा
उसलाई हर्ष दिँदै कुरुहरूका जेठा, तेजस्वी हजुरबुबाले सिंहझैँ ठूलो स्वरले गर्जेर शङ्ख फुक्नुभयो।
Where it sits
Bhīṣma (भीष्म) does not discuss 1.10. He answers the order to guard him by sounding the charge that delights Duryodhana. tasya harṣam (तस्य हर्षम्) ties the roar to the man who has just finished speaking. The grandfather is going to war for the grandson. That fact will sit under Arjuna's grief for the rest of the chapter.
Split: तस्य + सञ्जनयन् + हर्षम् + कुरु-वृद्धः + पितामहः + सिंह-नादम् + विनद्य + उच्चैः + शङ्खम् + दध्मौ + प्रतापवान्
tasya + sañjanayan + harṣam + kuru-vṛddhaḥ + pitāmahaḥ + siṃha-nādam + vinadya + uccaiḥ + śaṅkham + dadhmau + pratāpavān
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तस्य | tasya | genitive of tad (तद्) | of him. Of Duryodhana. |
| सञ्जनयन् | sañjanayan | present participle, nominative | causing to be born, producing. From sam-jan (सम्-जन्), causal. |
| हर्षम् | harṣam | accusative | joy, a thrill. |
| कुरु-वृद्धः | kuru-vṛddhaḥ | nominative | the elder of the Kurus. |
| पितामहः | pitāmahaḥ | nominative | the grandfather. |
| सिंह-नादम् | siṃha-nādam | accusative | a lion's roar. |
| विनद्य | vinadya | gerund | having roared. From vi-nad (वि-नद्). |
| उच्चैः | uccaiḥ | indeclinable | aloud, on high. |
| शङ्खम् | śaṅkham | accusative | a conch. |
| दध्मौ | dadhmau | perfect, 3rd singular | he blew. From dham (धम्). |
| प्रतापवान् | pratāpavān | nominative | the majestic one, full of splendor. |
The phrases
tasya sañjanayan harṣam (तस्य सञ्जनयन् हर्षम्) is what the blowing does to Duryodhana. Producing joy for him. The participle describes the grandfather, and tasya (तस्य) is the person who receives the joy.
कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः … प्रतापवान् kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ … pratāpavān is one man, three ways: elder of the Kurus, grandfather, the majestic one. Bhīṣma (भीष्म). All nominative, all the subject of dadhmau (दध्मौ).
siṃhanādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ (सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः) is the first sound. Having roared a lion's roar, aloud. अ + उ a + u in विनद्य + उच्चैः vinadya + uccaiḥ has become o (ओ), so you hear vinadyoccaiḥ (विनद्योच्चैः).
śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau (शङ्खं दध्मौ) is the main act. He blew a conch.
Sanskrit in this line
A present participle is a verb doing side-work beside the main verb. sañjanayan (सञ्जनयन्) ("producing") and dadhmau (दध्मौ) ("he blew") have the same subject. English often needs "while" or "and" to join them. Sanskrit puts the side-action in the participle and spends the real verb on the blow.
dadhmau (दध्मौ) is a perfect. The perfect is one of the past tenses, built by reduplication: dham (धम्) doubles its beginning and takes the ending --au (औ) for "he." You do not need the whole perfect system today. You need to recognize dadhmau (दध्मौ) and, in 1.18, dadhmuḥ (दध्मुः), as "blew" and "they blew."
Say it back
Who blew, what two sounds he made, and whose joy the verse bothers to name.