1.22
यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् ।
कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन् रणसमुद्यमे ॥
yāvad etān nirīkṣe 'haṃ yoddhukāmān avasthitān
kair mayā saha yoddhavyam asmin raṇasamudyame
Arjuna continues. Why he wants the chariot in the middle.
The verse
While I look over these men stationed here, eager to fight, and see with which ones I must fight in this undertaking of battle.
नेपालीमा
जतिञ्जेल म यहाँ उभिएका, लड्न आतुर यी मानिसहरूलाई हेर्छु, र यो युद्धको उद्यममा कुन कुनसँग म लड्नुपर्छ त्यो देख्छु।
Where it sits
He still thinks the question is tactical. Who is opposite me. yoddhavyam (योद्धव्यम्) is his word for the war at this moment: a thing that is to be done, by him, with some set of people. By 1.35 the infinitive of the same root will be something he does not want. Watch yudh (युध्) change its mood. The root will not change.
Split: यावत् + एतान् + निरीक्षे + अहम् + योद्धु-कामान् + अवस्थितान् + कैः + मया + सह + योद्धव्यम् + अस्मिन् + रण-समुद्यमे
yāvat + etān + nirīkṣe + aham + yoddhu-kāmān + avasthitān + kaiḥ + mayā + saha + yoddhavyam + asmin + raṇa-samudyame
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यावत् | yāvat | indeclinable | while, for as long as, so that. |
| एतान् | etān | accusative plural | these. |
| निरीक्षे | nirīkṣe | present, 1st singular, middle | I look over, I survey. From निर्-ईक्ष् nir-īkṣ. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| योद्धु-कामान् | yoddhu-kāmān | accusative plural | desiring to fight. yoddhum (योद्धुम्) "to fight," kāma (काम) "desire." |
| अवस्थितान् | avasthitān | accusative plural | stationed. |
| कैः | kaiḥ | instrumental plural of kim (किम्) | by which ones. With which ones. |
| मया | mayā | instrumental of aham (अहम्) | by me. |
| सह | saha | indeclinable | with. It takes the instrumental. |
| योद्धव्यम् | yoddhavyam | gerundive, impersonal | it is to be fought. Fighting must be done. |
| अस्मिन् | asmin | locative of idam (इदम्) | in this. |
| रण-समुद्यमे | raṇa-samudyame | locative | in the undertaking of battle. |
The phrases
यावद् एतान् निरीक्षे ऽहम् yāvad etān nirīkṣe 'ham is the purpose. While I look these over. निरीक्षे + अहम् nirīkṣe + aham becomes nirīkṣe 'ham (निरीक्षे ऽहम्). Same avagraha as 1.21.
योद्धुकामान् अवस्थितान् yoddhukāmān avasthitān describes etān (एतान्). These, the ones who want to fight, standing there. n (न्) joins them in recitation: yoddhukāmānavasthitān (योद्धुकामानवस्थितान्).
kaiḥ mayā saha yoddhavyam (कैः मया सह योद्धव्यम्) is the second half of what he wants to see. With which ones, together with me, the fighting is to be done. kaiḥ mayā (कैः मया) becomes kair mayā (कैर् मया).
asmin raṇasamudyame (अस्मिन् रणसमुद्यमे) places that fighting in this enterprise, the one already roaring.
Sanskrit in this line
kaiḥ (कैः) is kim (किम्) ("who, what") in the instrumental plural. "By which people." Questions in Sanskrit often put the question-word in the case the answer would wear. The answer would be "by these men," instrumental. So the question is instrumental.
A gerundive says "this is to be done." yoddhavyam (योद्धव्यम्) is impersonal, neuter singular, with no personal subject. It is not "I shall fight" and not "they will fight." It is "fighting is the thing required." mayā saha (मया सह) adds who is in it. The form is built with --tavya (तव्य). You will meet a second one, jñeyam (ज्ञेयम्), at 1.39.
Say it back
What he wants to look at, and what he is trying to find out. kaiḥ (कैः) and yoddhavyam (योद्धव्यम्) both have to be in the answer.