1.30
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते ।
न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥
gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāt tvak caiva paridahyate
na ca śaknomy avasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ
The bow, the skin, the stance, the mind.
The verse
Gāṇḍīva (गाण्डीव) slips from my hand, and my skin burns. I cannot keep my station, and my mind seems to whirl.
नेपालीमा
गाण्डीव मेरो हातबाट खस्छ, र छाला पोल्छ। म आफ्नो ठाउँमा टिक्न सक्दिन, र मन घुमिरहेको जस्तो लाग्छ।
Where it sits
gāṇḍīva (गाण्डीव) slipping is the warrior's version of the failing limbs. The bow had a name and a reputation. It is leaving. avasthātum (अवस्थातुम्) uses the same root as vyavasthitān (व्यवस्थितान्) and avasthitān (अवस्थितान्), the words for the armies standing in their places. He cannot do, in his own body, the thing the armies are doing. That echo is worth hearing. It is the same verb-stem sthā (स्था).
Split: गाण्डीवम् + स्रंसते + हस्तात् + त्वक् + च + एव + परिदह्यते + न + च + शक्नोमि + अवस्थातुम् + भ्रमति + इव + च + मे + मनः
gāṇḍīvam + sraṃsate + hastāt + tvak + ca + eva + paridahyate + na + ca + śaknomi + avasthātum + bhramati + iva + ca + me + manaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| गाण्डीवम् | gāṇḍīvam | nominative | Gāṇḍīva (गाण्डीव). Arjuna's bow, named. |
| स्रंसते | sraṃsate | present, 3rd singular, middle | it slips, it drops. |
| हस्तात् | hastāt | ablative | from the hand. |
| त्वक् | tvak | nominative | skin. |
| परिदह्यते | paridahyate | present, 3rd singular, passive | it burns all over. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| शक्नोमि | śaknomi | present, 1st singular | I am able. |
| अवस्थातुम् | avasthātum | infinitive | to stand, to remain steady. |
| भ्रमति | bhramati | present, 3rd singular | it wanders, it whirls. |
| इव | iva | indeclinable | as if, as it were. |
| मनः | manaḥ | nominative | the mind. |
The phrases
gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāt (गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्) is the bow leaving the hand. Ablative: from the hand.
tvak caiva paridahyate (त्वक् चैव परिदह्यते) is the skin. And the skin burns. च + एव ca + eva is caiva (चैव) again.
na ca śaknomi avasthātum (न च शक्नोमि अवस्थातुम्) is the stance. And I cannot stay standing. शक्नोमि + अवस्थातुम् śaknomi + avasthātum becomes śaknomyavasthātum (शक्नोम्यवस्थातुम्), because इ + अ i + a becomes ya (य). The infinitive is what he cannot do.
bhramati iva ca me manaḥ (भ्रमति इव च मे मनः) is the mind. And my mind whirls as if. भ्रमति + इव bhramati + iva becomes bhramatīva (भ्रमतीव). me manaḥ (मे मनः) is "my mind," subject of bhramati (भ्रमति).
Sanskrit in this line
The ablative --āt (आत्) answers "from." hasta (हस्त) becomes hastāt (हस्तात्). You have had locative "in, on," instrumental "by," genitive "of," accusative as the object. Ablative is the leaving-case. hastāt (हस्तात्) is the hand as the place something departs from.
The infinitive --tum (तुम्) is "to do." avasthātum (अवस्थातुम्), "to stand firm." With śaknomi (शक्नोमि) it means "I am able to." With na (न), "I am not able to." इ + अ i + a at the join becomes y (य्) plus a (अ): śaknomi avasthātum (शक्नोमि अवस्थातुम्) is recited शक्नोम्य् अवस्थातुम् śaknomy avasthātum.
iva (इव) softens a verb into "as if." The mind is not literally spinning like a wheel. iva (इव) says the sentence knows that.
Say it back
Four symptoms. For the third, use the infinitive: what he cannot do.