1.43
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः ।
उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥
doṣair etaiḥ kulaghnānāṃ varṇasaṅkara-kārakaiḥ
utsādyante jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāś ca śāśvatāḥ
The rites of caste and house, uprooted. Still the same cascade.
The verse
By these faults of the family-killers, which produce a confusion of the orders, the perpetual dharmas of birth and of family are uprooted.
नेपालीमा
कुल मार्नेहरूका यी दोषले, जसले वर्णको गोलमाल जन्माउँछन्, जन्मका र कुलका नित्य धर्महरू उखेलिन्छन्।
Where it sits
jātidharma (जातिधर्म) widens kuladharma (कुलधर्म). He is no longer talking only about his house. He is talking about the order of births as such. The war, in his mouth, has become a threat to the structure of society. That is as large as his argument gets. 1.44 puts the men who do it in hell, and 1.45 steps back, horrified that "we" were about to be those men.
Split: दोषैः + एतैः + कुल-घ्नानाम् + वर्ण-सङ्कर-कारकैः + उत्साद्यन्ते + जाति-धर्माः + कुल-धर्माः + च + शाश्वताः
doṣaiḥ + etaiḥ + kula-ghnānām + varṇa-saṅkara-kārakaiḥ + utsādyante + jāti-dharmāḥ + kula-dharmāḥ + ca + śāśvatāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| दोषैः | doṣaiḥ | instrumental plural | by these faults. |
| एतैः | etaiḥ | instrumental plural | by these. |
| कुलघ्नानाम् | kulaghnānām | genitive plural | of the family-killers. |
| वर्ण-सङ्कर-कारकैः | varṇa-saṅkara-kārakaiḥ | instrumental plural | by the makers of the confusion of orders. Agrees with doṣaiḥ (दोषैः). |
| उत्साद्यन्ते | utsādyante | present, 3rd plural, passive | they are uprooted, destroyed. |
| जाति-धर्माः | jāti-dharmāḥ | nominative plural | the dharmas of the birth-groups. |
| कुल-धर्माः | kula-dharmāḥ | nominative plural | the dharmas of the family. |
| शाश्वताः | śāśvatāḥ | nominative plural | perpetual, standing. |
The phrases
दोषैः एतैः … वर्णसङ्करकारकैः doṣaiḥ etaiḥ … varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ is the cause, instrumental. By these faults of the family-killers, the faults that produce the confusion of orders. doṣaiḥ etaiḥ (दोषैः एतैः) becomes दोषैर् एतैः doṣair etaiḥ.
utsādyante jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāḥ ca (उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माः च) is the passive result. The dharmas of the orders and the dharmas of the family are uprooted.
śāśvatāḥ (शाश्वताः) describes them as the ones that were supposed to stand forever. Same job sanātanāḥ (सनातनाः) had in 1.40.
Sanskrit in this line
utsādyante (उत्साद्यन्ते) is passive. The dharmas are the subject, and they receive the uprooting. The ending --ante (अन्ते) is present third plural, middle form used as passive, the same family as abhyahanyanta (अभ्यहन्यन्त) in 1.13 and paridahyate (परिदह्यते) in 1.30. The cause is in the instrumental, doṣaiḥ (दोषैः). You do not need a named person as the grammatical subject. "They are uprooted by these faults" is the whole sentence.
Say it back
What is uprooted, and by what. Passive verb, instrumental cause.