2.19
य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं यश्चैनं मन्यते हतम् ।
उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायं हन्ति न हन्यते ॥
ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaś cainaṃ manyate hatam
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and enam (एनम्) is the embodied one of 2.18.
The verse
Who holds this one to be a killer, and who thinks this one killed — those two do not know; this one does not kill and is not killed.
नेपालीमा
जसले यसलाई मार्ने ठान्छ, र जसले यसलाई मारिएको मान्छ, ती दुवै जान्दैनन्। यसले मार्दैन र यो मारिँदैन।
Where it sits
Killing was the act he could not picture against Bhīṣma (भीष्म) and Droṇa (द्रोण), and the one who holds either thought, killer or killed, has not known this one. A body can be cut; ayam (अयम्) does not kill and is not killed.
Split: यः + एनम् + वेत्ति + हन्तारम् + यः + च + एनम् + मन्यते + हतम् + उभौ + तौ + न + विजानीतः + न + अयम् + हन्ति + न + हन्यते
yaḥ + enam + vetti + hantāram + yaḥ + ca + enam + manyate + hatam + ubhau + tau + na + vijānītaḥ + na + ayam + hanti + na + hanyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | nominative | who. |
| एनम् | enam | accusative | this one. |
| वेत्ति | vetti | present, 3rd singular of vid (विद्) | he holds, he knows. |
| हन्तारम् | hantāram | accusative | the killer. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative | who. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एनम् | enam | accusative | this one. |
| मन्यते | manyate | present, 3rd singular, middle of man (मन्) | he thinks. |
| हतम् | hatam | accusative | killed. |
| उभौ | ubhau | nominative dual | both. |
| तौ | tau | nominative dual | those two. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| विजानीतः | vijānītaḥ | present, 3rd dual of vi-jñā (वि-ज्ञा) | the two know. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| अयम् | ayam | nominative | this one. |
| हन्ति | hanti | present, 3rd singular of han (हन्) | kills. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| हन्यते | hanyate | present, 3rd singular, passive | is killed. |
The phrases
yaḥ enam vetti hantāram (यः एनम् वेत्ति हन्तारम्) is the first wrong thought. Who holds this one to be a killer. यः + एनम् yaḥ + enam is ya enam (य एनम्): the visarga drops before e (ए), and no avagraha is written, because the next vowel is not a (अ).
yaḥ ca enam manyate hatam (यः च एनम् मन्यते हतम्) is the second. And who thinks this one killed. यः + च yaḥ + ca is yaś ca (यश्च). च + एनम् ca + enam is cainam (चैनम्).
ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ (उभौ तौ न विजानीतः) judges both. Those two do not know. The verb is dual, matching ubhau tau (उभौ तौ). vijānītaḥ (विजानीतः) before na (न) is vijānīto (विजानीतो).
na ayam hanti na hanyate (न अयम् हन्ति न हन्यते) is the fact they miss. This one does not kill, and is not killed. न + अयम् na + ayam is nāyam (नायम्).
Sanskrit in this line
vijānītaḥ (विजानीतः) is third person dual. The ending --taḥ (तः) is the dual, and it agrees with ubhau tau (उभौ तौ), "both of them." A plural verb would invent a crowd. hanti (हन्ति) is active, "kills." hanyate (हन्यते) is passive, "is killed." The verse needs both. One verb cannot carry the two thoughts.
Say it back
The two thoughts, the dual verb, and hanti (हन्ति) beside hanyate (हन्यते).