2.48
योगस्थः कुरु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा धनञ्जय ।
सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योः समो भूत्वा समत्वं योग उच्यते ॥
yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanañjaya
siddhyasiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking, to Dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय).
The verse
Standing in yoga, do the actions, having dropped attachment, Dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय); having become the same in success and failure — evenness is called yoga.
नेपालीमा
हे धनञ्जय, आसक्ति छाडेर योगमा उभिएर कर्म गर, सफलता र असफलतामा उस्तै भएर। समतालाई योग भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
This verse says what he means by yoga, the word he has used since 2.39: not the getting in niryogakṣemaḥ (निर्योगक्षेमः), but samatvam (समत्वम्), evenness in success and failure. The next verse will set ordinary action far below the buddhi that can hold that evenness.
Split: योग-स्थः + कुरु + कर्माणि + सङ्गम् + त्यक्त्वा + धनञ्जय + सिद्धि-असिद्ध्योः + समः + भूत्वा + समत्वम् + योगः + उच्यते
yoga-sthaḥ + kuru + karmāṇi + saṅgam + tyaktvā + dhanañjaya + siddhi-asiddhyoḥ + samaḥ + bhūtvā + samatvam + yogaḥ + ucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| योग-स्थः | yoga-sthaḥ | nominative | standing in yoga. |
| कुरु | kuru | imperative, 2nd singular of kṛ (कृ) | do. |
| कर्माणि | karmāṇi | accusative plural | actions. |
| सङ्गम् | saṅgam | accusative | attachment. |
| त्यक्त्वा | tyaktvā | gerund of tyaj (त्यज्) | having left. |
| धनञ्जय | dhanañjaya | vocative | Dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय). Winner of wealth. Arjuna (अर्जुन). |
| सिद्धि-असिद्ध्योः | siddhi-asiddhyoḥ | locative dual | in success and in failure. |
| समः | samaḥ | nominative | the same, even. |
| भूत्वा | bhūtvā | gerund of bhū (भू) | having become. |
| समत्वम् | samatvam | nominative neuter | evenness. The state of being sama (सम). |
| योगः | yogaḥ | nominative | yoga. |
| उच्यते | ucyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is called. |
The phrases
yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi (योगस्थः कुरु कर्माणि) is the order that matches 2.47. Standing in yoga, do the actions. The right was to the act. This is the stance the act is done from.
saṅgaṃ tyaktvā (सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा) is the same clinging 2.47 refused, now as a gerund. Having dropped it. dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय) is the name, set where a vocative can carry the line.
siddhyasiddhyoḥ samaḥ bhūtvā (सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योः समः भूत्वा) is how the dropping looks in the result. Having become the same man in success and in non-success. Two gerunds, tyaktvā (त्यक्त्वा) and bhūtvā (भूत्वा), both belong to the "you" of kuru (कुरु).
samatvaṃ yogaḥ ucyate (समत्वं योगः उच्यते) is the definition. Evenness is called yoga. ucyate (उच्यते) is passive. The name is given to the evenness. He does not say the evenness is called by yoga.
Sanskrit in this line
siddhyasiddhyoḥ (सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योः) is a dual. siddhi (सिद्धि) and asiddhi (असिद्धि) are one pair, and an i (इ)-stem pair wears --yoḥ (योः) for locative dual and for genitive dual. The same ending does both jobs. With samaḥ (समः), "even in the two," the locative is the reading that fits. इ + अ i + a at the join of the compound is य y: सिद्धि + असिद्धि siddhi + asiddhi is siddhyasiddhi (सिद्ध्यसिद्धि).
योगः + उच्यते yogaḥ + ucyate is printed yoga ucyate (योग उच्यते), with the u (उ) still heard. yogocyate (योगोच्यते) would drop a syllable from the quarter. Recite the gap, as in 2.45 and 2.46.
Say it back
The order, the pair he must be even in, and the sentence that defines yoga. If samatvam (समत्वम्) comes out as "success," stay here.