2.59
विषया विनिवर्तन्ते निराहारस्य देहिनः ।
रसवर्जं रसोऽप्यस्य परं दृष्ट्वा निवर्तते ॥
viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ
rasavarjaṃ raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is speaking.
The verse
The objects turn back from the embodied one who does not feed on them, but the relish remains; even his relish turns back when the highest is seen.
नेपालीमा
विषय नखाने देहधारीबाट विषयहरू फर्कन्छन्, तर स्वाद रहन्छ। परम देखिँदा उसको स्वाद पनि फर्कन्छ।
Where it sits
Stopping the feeding sends the objects away and leaves the taste, and the taste goes only when param (परम्) is seen. 2.60 will add that the senses can still drag a striving man.
Split: विषयाः + विनिवर्तन्ते + निराहारस्य + देहिनः + रस-वर्जम् + रसः + अपि + अस्य + परम् + दृष्ट्वा + निवर्तते
viṣayāḥ + vinivartante + nirāhārasya + dehinaḥ + rasa-varjam + rasaḥ + api + asya + param + dṛṣṭvā + nivartate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| विषयाः | viṣayāḥ | nominative plural | the objects of the senses. |
| विनिवर्तन्ते | vinivartante | present, 3rd plural, middle | they turn back. |
| निराहारस्य | nirāhārasya | genitive | of the one who is not feeding on them. niḥ-āhāra (निः-आहार), without taking. |
| देहिनः | dehinaḥ | genitive | of the embodied one. |
| रस-वर्जम् | rasa-varjam | adverbial accusative | except for the relish. varjam (वर्जम्) means "excluding." |
| रसः | rasaḥ | nominative | the relish, the taste that outlives the object. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | even. |
| अस्य | asya | genitive | his. |
| परम् | param | accusative | the highest. |
| दृष्ट्वा | dṛṣṭvā | gerund of dṛś (दृश्) | having seen. |
| निवर्तते | nivartate | present, 3rd singular, middle | it turns back. |
The phrases
viṣayāḥ vinivartante (विषयाः विनिवर्तन्ते) is what the objects do. They turn back. The ḥ (ः) drops before the voiced v (व्), so you hear viṣayā vinivartante (विषया विनिवर्तन्ते).
nirāhārasya dehinaḥ (निराहारस्य देहिनः) is from whom. From the embodied one who does not take them in. Two genitives, one man. Not feeding is enough to make the objects withdraw. It is not enough to finish the job.
rasavarjam (रसवर्जम्) is the exception, dropped into the line before the noun it excepts. The objects go, the relish excepted. rasaḥ api asya nivartate (रसः अपि अस्य निवर्तते) then takes that relish as its own subject. Even his relish turns back. रसः + अपि rasaḥ + api is raso 'pi (रसोऽपि), and अपि + अस्य api + asya is apyasya (अप्यस्य).
paraṃ dṛṣṭvā (परं दृष्ट्वा) is when the relish goes. When the highest has been seen. The objects left because he stopped feeding. The relish leaves because of this seeing.
Sanskrit in this line
rasavarjam (रसवर्जम्) is an exclusion, not a verb. varjam (वर्जम्) means "leaving out, except." The thing left out is rasa (रस), and the compound is used as an adverb: "with the relish excepted." The next clause then gives that excepted relish its own verb, nivartate (निवर्तते). First the exception, then the verse that closes the exception.
Say it back
What goes when he stops feeding, what stays, and what finally sends the relish away. If rasaḥ (रसः) comes out as "the object," the exception was missed.