3.3
श्रीभगवानुवाच
लोकेऽस्मिन् द्विविधा निष्ठा पुरा प्रोक्ता मयानघ ।
ज्ञानयोगेन साङ्ख्यानां कर्मयोगेन योगिनाम् ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha
jñānayogena sāṅkhyānāṃ karmayogena yoginām
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking to Arjuna (अर्जुन), and the recited name is one word, śrībhagavānuvāca (श्रीभगवानुवाच).
The verse
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) said: In this world a twofold stance was declared by me of old, faultless one — by the yoga of knowledge for the Sāṅkhyas (साङ्ख्य), by the yoga of action for the yogins.
नेपालीमा
कृष्णले भन्नुभयो, यस लोकमा दुई किसिमको अडान मैले पहिले भनेको थिएँ, हे दोषरहित, साङ्ख्यहरूका लागि ज्ञानको योगले र योगीहरूका लागि कर्मको योगले।
Where it sits
The answer to 3.2 does not pick one stance and throw the other away, since both were taught. The rest of the chapter will say which is his, and why not-acting is not the yoga of knowledge.
Split: लोके + अस्मिन् + द्विविधा + निष्ठा + पुरा + प्रोक्ता + मया + अनघ + ज्ञान-योगेन + साङ्ख्यानाम् + कर्म-योगेन + योगिनाम्
loke + asmin + dvividhā + niṣṭhā + purā + proktā + mayā + anagha + jñāna-yogena + sāṅkhyānām + karma-yogena + yoginām
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| लोके | loke | locative singular | in the world. |
| अस्मिन् | asmin | locative singular of idam (इदम्) | in this. |
| द्विविधा | dvividhā | nominative feminine | twofold. |
| निष्ठा | niṣṭhā | nominative feminine | a stance, a standing one does not leave. |
| पुरा | purā | indeclinable | of old, formerly. |
| प्रोक्ता | proktā | nominative feminine, past participle of pra-vac (प्र-वच्) | declared. Agrees with niṣṭhā (निष्ठा). |
| मया | mayā | instrumental of aham (अहम्) | by me. |
| अनघ | anagha | vocative | O faultless one. |
| ज्ञान-योगेन | jñāna-yogena | instrumental singular | by the yoga of knowledge. |
| साङ्ख्यानाम् | sāṅkhyānām | genitive plural | of the Sāṅkhyas (साङ्ख्य), the people of reckoning. |
| कर्म-योगेन | karma-yogena | instrumental singular | by the yoga of action. |
| योगिनाम् | yoginām | genitive plural of yogin (योगिन्) | of the yogins. |
The phrases
loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā (लोके ऽस्मिन् द्विविधा निष्ठा) is the thing that was taught. One stance, of two kinds, in this world. ए + अ e + a keeps the e (ए) and drops the a (अ) of asmin (अस्मिन्): loke 'smin (लोकेऽस्मिन्).
purā proktā mayānagha (पुरा प्रोक्ता मयानघ) says when, and by whom. Of old, by me. मया + अनघ mayā + anagha has become mayānagha (मयानघ). anagha (अनघ) is Arjuna (अर्जुन), addressed as the one without a fault in the asking.
jñānayogena sāṅkhyānām karmayogena yoginām (ज्ञानयोगेन साङ्ख्यानाम् कर्मयोगेन योगिनाम्) names the two kinds. The instrumentals say by which yoga. The genitives say whose stance that yoga is.
Sanskrit in this line
The ending --ena (एन) on an a (अ)-stem is instrumental, "by means of." jñāna-yogena (ज्ञान-योगेन) and karma-yogena (कर्म-योगेन) are how the two kinds of niṣṭhā (निष्ठा) are stood in. The genitives sāṅkhyānām (साङ्ख्यानाम्) and yoginām (योगिनाम्) do not name the means. They name the people whose means it is.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the two stances and whose each one is. If jñānayoga (ज्ञानयोग) and karmayoga (कर्मयोग) collapse into one "yoga," stay here.