3.27
प्रकृतेः क्रियमाणानि गुणैः कर्माणि सर्वशः ।
अहङ्कारविमूढात्मा कर्ताहमिति मन्यते ॥
prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ
ahaṅkāravimūḍhātmā kartāham iti manyate
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking, and he says who is actually doing the actions the attached man claims.
The verse
Actions are being done in every way by the qualities of nature; the one whose self is deluded by the I-maker thinks, "I am the doer."
नेपालीमा
कर्महरू प्रकृतिका गुणहरूले सबै प्रकारले गरिँदै छन्। अहङ्कारले मोहित भएको आत्माले “म कर्ता हुँ” भन्ठान्छ।
Where it sits
This is what the wise man of 3.26 knows and does not use as a speech to stop the work: the attached man is wrong about the doer. 3.28 is the man who holds the other sentence, that the qualities move among the qualities.
Split: प्रकृतेः + क्रियमाणानि + गुणैः + कर्माणि + सर्वशः + अहङ्कार-विमूढ-आत्मा + कर्ता + अहम् + इति + मन्यते
prakṛteḥ + kriyamāṇāni + guṇaiḥ + karmāṇi + sarvaśaḥ + ahaṅkāra-vimūḍha-ātmā + kartā + aham + iti + manyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रकृतेः | prakṛteḥ | genitive | of nature. |
| क्रियमाणानि | kriyamāṇāni | nominative plural, passive participle | being done. |
| गुणैः | guṇaiḥ | instrumental plural | by the qualities. |
| कर्माणि | karmāṇi | nominative plural | actions. |
| सर्वशः | sarvaśaḥ | indeclinable | in every way. |
| अहङ्कार-विमूढ-आत्मा | ahaṅkāra-vimūḍha-ātmā | nominative | he whose self is deluded by the I-maker. |
| कर्ता | kartā | nominative | the doer. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It closes the thought he thinks. |
| मन्यते | manyate | present, 3rd singular, middle of man (मन्) | he thinks. |
The phrases
prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ (प्रकृतेः क्रियमाणानि गुणैः कर्माणि सर्वशः) is the fact. Actions are being done, in every way, by the qualities of nature. prakṛteḥ (प्रकृतेः) keeps its visarga before the voiceless k (क्). The qualities are nature's. The actions are what those qualities do.
अहङ्कारविमूढात्मा कर्ता अहम् इति मन्यते ahaṅkāravimūḍhātmā kartā aham iti manyate is the mistake laid on top of the fact. The one deluded by the sense of "I" thinks, "I am the doer." कर्ता + अहम् + इति kartā + aham + iti is kartāham iti (कर्ताहमिति).
Sanskrit in this line
iti (इति) is the mark around a thought. kartā aham (कर्ता अहम्) is what he thinks. iti (इति) ends the quotation, and manyate (मन्यते) is the verb of thinking that sits outside it. Without iti (इति), kartā (कर्ता) would be fighting the grammar of the sentence. With it, the two words are a thing said inside the mind.
Say it back
Who does the actions, and who he thinks does them. If you drop iti (इति), you have reported his mistake as the verse's own claim.