3.37
श्रीभगवानुवाच
काम एष क्रोध एष रजोगुणसमुद्भवः ।
महाशनो महापाप्मा विद्ध्येनमिह वैरिणम् ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
kāma eṣa krodha eṣa rajoguṇasamudbhavaḥ
mahāśano mahāpāpmā viddhy enam iha vairiṇam
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking, and he answers kena (केन) with one name said twice.
The verse
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) said: This is desire, this is anger, born of the quality rajas (रजस्); know this great devourer, this great evil, as the enemy here.
नेपालीमा
कृष्णले भने, यो चाहना हो, यो क्रोध हो, जो रजस् गुणबाट जन्मेको हो। यो महाभक्षी र महापाप हो, यसैलाई यहाँ शत्रु भनेर बुझ।
Where it sits
kena (केन) in 3.36 has its answer: desire, and anger as the same thing in another face, drives the person who does not want to do wrong. The next verses say how it hides the knowledge he already has.
Split: कामः + एषः + क्रोधः + एषः + रजस्-गुण-समुद्भवः + महा-अशनः + महा-पाप्मा + विद्धि + एनम् + इह + वैरिणम्
kāmaḥ + eṣaḥ + krodhaḥ + eṣaḥ + rajas-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ + mahā-aśanaḥ + mahā-pāpmā + viddhi + enam + iha + vairiṇam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| कामः | kāmaḥ | nominative | desire. |
| एषः | eṣaḥ | nominative | this. |
| क्रोधः | krodhaḥ | nominative | anger. |
| एषः | eṣaḥ | nominative | this. The same "this." |
| रजस्-गुण-समुद्भवः | rajas-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ | nominative | born of the quality rajas (रजस्). |
| महा-अशनः | mahā-aśanaḥ | nominative | a great eater, huge of hunger. |
| महा-पाप्मा | mahā-pāpmā | nominative of pāpman (पाप्मन्) | a great evil. |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular | know. |
| एनम् | enam | accusative | this one. |
| इह | iha | indeclinable | here. |
| वैरिणम् | vairiṇam | accusative | the enemy. |
The phrases
kāmaḥ eṣaḥ krodhaḥ eṣaḥ (कामः एषः क्रोधः एषः) is the answer, said twice with one pronoun. This is desire. This is anger. कामः + एषः kāmaḥ + eṣaḥ is kāma eṣa (काम एष), the visarga dropped before a vowel that is not a (अ). eṣaḥ (एषः) before a consonant is eṣa (एष), as in 3.10. krodhaḥ (क्रोधः) does the same before eṣaḥ (एषः): krodha eṣa (क्रोध एष).
rajoguṇasamudbhavaḥ (रजोगुणसमुद्भवः) is their origin. Born of the rajas quality. One origin for both names.
महाशनः महापाप्मा विद्धि एनम् इह वैरिणम् mahāśanaḥ mahāpāpmā viddhi enam iha vairiṇam is what to do with the identification. Know this great devourer, this great evil, as the enemy here. mahāśanaḥ (महाशनः) before mahā (महा) is mahāśano (महाशनो). विद्धि + एनम् viddhi + enam is viddhy enam (विद्ध्येनम्).
Sanskrit in this line
रजस् + गुण rajas + guṇa inside the compound is rajoguṇa (रजोगुण). An अस as stem before a voiced consonant in a compound becomes o (ओ), the way aḥ (अः) does between words. rajas (रजस्) is not recited with a visarga in the middle of rajoguṇasamudbhavaḥ (रजोगुणसमुद्भवः). Split it as rajas-guṇa (रजस्-गुण) when you gloss it.
Say it back
The two names and the one origin. If krodhaḥ (क्रोधः) is a second enemy with a different source, you have split what eṣaḥ (एषः) joined.