4.5
श्रीभगवानुवाच
बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन ।
तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna
tāny ahaṃ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha parantapa
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking again, to Arjuna.
The verse
श्रीभगवान् said: Many births of mine have passed, and of yours, Arjuna; I know them all, and you do not, scorcher of the foe.
नेपालीमा
श्रीभगवान्ले भने, मेरा धेरै जन्म बिते, र तिम्रा पनि, हे अर्जुन। ती सबै म जान्छु, तिमी जान्दैनौ, हे शत्रुलाई पोल्ने।
Where it sits
4.4 treated birth as one event on a line; this verse says the line is long on both sides, and that memory is not shared. The next verse will say how an unborn lord can be born at all.
Split: बहूनि + मे + व्यतीतानि + जन्मानि + तव + च + अर्जुन + तानि + अहम् + वेद + सर्वाणि + न + त्वम् + वेत्थ + परन्तप
bahūni + me + vyatītāni + janmāni + tava + ca + arjuna + tāni + aham + veda + sarvāṇi + na + tvam + vettha + parantapa
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| बहूनि | bahūni | nominative plural neuter | many. Agrees with janmāni (जन्मानि). |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | of me, my. |
| व्यतीतानि | vyatītāni | nominative plural neuter | gone by, passed. From vi-ati-i (वि-अति-इ), "to go beyond." |
| जन्मानि | janmāni | nominative plural | births. |
| तव | tava | genitive | your. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अर्जुन | arjuna | vocative | Arjuna. |
| तानि | tāni | accusative plural neuter | those. The births. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| वेद | veda | present, 1st singular | I know. From vid (विद्). |
| सर्वाणि | sarvāṇi | accusative plural neuter | all. Agrees with tāni (तानि). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| त्वम् | tvam | nominative | you. |
| वेत्थ | vettha | present, 2nd singular | you know. The same root as veda (वेद). |
| परन्तप | parantapa | vocative | scorcher of the foe. |
The phrases
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava ca arjuna (बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव च अर्जुन) answers the calendar with a number. Many births of mine have passed, and of yours. च + अर्जुन ca + arjuna is cārjuna (चार्जुन). The vocative sits inside the sentence. It is not the subject.
tāni aham veda sarvāṇi (तानि अहम् वेद सर्वाणि) is his side of the knowing. I know all of them. इ + अ i + a joins tāni (तानि) and aham (अहम्) into tāny aham (तान्यहम्).
na tvam vettha parantapa (न त्वम् वेत्थ परन्तप) is Arjuna's side. You do not know them. m (म्) before v (व्) is the anusvāra (अनुस्वार): tvaṃ vettha (त्वं वेत्थ).
Sanskrit in this line
veda (वेद) and vettha (वेत्थ) are one root, vid (विद्), "know." veda (वेद) is "I know." vettha (वेत्थ) is "you know." The verse is a contrast of persons, not of two verbs with two meanings. na vettha (न वेत्थ) is "you do not know," addressed to the man who asked katham vijānīyām (कथम् विजानीयाम्).
Say it back
Whose births, who knows them, who does not. If veda (वेद) and vettha (वेत्थ) are given the same person, stay here.