4.22
यदृच्छालाभसन्तुष्टो द्वन्द्वातीतो विमत्सरः ।
समः सिद्धावसिद्धौ च कृत्वापि न निबध्यते ॥
yadṛcchālābhasantuṣṭo dvandvātīto vimatsaraḥ
samaḥ siddhāv asiddhau ca kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna.
The verse
Content with what comes of itself, past the pairs, without envy, even in success and in failure, he is not bound even though he has acted.
नेपालीमा
आफैँ आएकोमा सन्तुष्ट, विपरीत जोडीहरूभन्दा पर, ईर्ष्यारहित, सिद्धिमा र असिद्धिमा पनि सम, कर्म गरे पनि ऊ बाँधिँदैन।
Where it sits
4.21 kept the stain off mere bodily action, and this verse puts the same man in success and in failure without the binding. 4.23 will aim the action at sacrifice, and then the action dissolves.
Split: यदृच्छा-लाभ-सन्तुष्टः + द्वन्द्व-अतीतः + विमत्सरः + समः + सिद्धौ + असिद्धौ + च + कृत्वा + अपि + न + निबध्यते
yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭaḥ + dvandva-atītaḥ + vimatsaraḥ + samaḥ + siddhau + asiddhau + ca + kṛtvā + api + na + nibadhyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यदृच्छा-लाभ-सन्तुष्टः | yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭaḥ | nominative | content with a gain that comes of itself. yadṛcchā (यदृच्छा) is "as it happens," with no one arranging it. |
| द्वन्द्व-अतीतः | dvandva-atītaḥ | nominative | gone past the pairs. Heat and cold, pleasure and pain, and the rest of the couples. |
| विमत्सरः | vimatsaraḥ | nominative | without envy. matsara (मत्सर) is envy. |
| समः | samaḥ | nominative | even, the same. |
| सिद्धौ | siddhau | locative singular | in success. |
| असिद्धौ | asiddhau | locative singular | in non-success, in the failure of the act. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| कृत्वा | kṛtvā | gerund | having done. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | even. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| निबध्यते | nibadhyate | present, 3rd singular, passive | he is bound. From ni-bandh (नि-बन्ध्). |
The phrases
yadṛcchālābhasantuṣṭaḥ dvandvātītaḥ vimatsaraḥ (यदृच्छालाभसन्तुष्टः द्वन्द्वातीतः विमत्सरः) is the man, three nominatives. Content with what arrives unasked, past the pairs, without envy. सन्तुष्टः before the voiced d (द्) is santuṣṭo (सन्तुष्टो). अतीतः before v (व्) is atīto (अतीतो).
samaḥ siddhau asiddhau ca (समः सिद्धौ असिद्धौ च) is where the evenness holds. The same in success and in failure. सिद्धौ + असिद्धौ siddhau + asiddhau is recited siddhāv asiddhau (सिद्धावसिद्धौ). The आव āv is sandhi, not a new stem.
kṛtvā api na nibadhyate (कृत्वा अपि न निबध्यते) is the result. Even having acted, he is not bound. kṛtvā api (कृत्वा अपि) is kṛtvāpi (कृत्वापि). The api (अपि) is concessive, as in 4.20.
Sanskrit in this line
siddhau (सिद्धौ) is locative singular, "in success." asiddhau (असिद्धौ) is the same case, "in failure." औ + अ au + a becomes आव āv, so the recited सिद्धाव siddhāv looks like a stem. It is not. Split it back to siddhau asiddhau (सिद्धौ असिद्धौ) before you translate. Two locatives, one evenness.
Say it back
What he is content with, and the two places he stays even. If सिद्धाव siddhāv is left as one word, stay here.