4.32
एवं बहुविधा यज्ञा वितता ब्रह्मणो मुखे ।
कर्मजान्विद्धि तान्सर्वानेवं ज्ञात्वा विमोक्ष्यसे ॥
evaṃ bahuvidhā yajñā vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe
karmajān viddhi tān sarvān evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna.
The verse
Thus sacrifices of many kinds are spread in the mouth of Brahman; know them all as born of action, and knowing this you will be released.
नेपालीमा
यसरी धेरै किसिमका यज्ञ ब्रह्मको मुखमा फैलिएका छन्। ती सबैलाई कर्मबाट जन्मेका भनेर बुझ, र यो बुझेपछि तिमी मुक्त हुनेछौ।
Where it sits
The catalogue is closed: every sacrifice in the list is born of action, spread in the mouth of Brahman (ब्रह्म), and knowing that is a release. 4.33 will not leave the kinds equal, because the sacrifice of knowledge is better and action is completed in knowledge.
Split: एवम् + बहु-विधाः + यज्ञाः + वितताः + ब्रह्मणः + मुखे + कर्म-जान् + विद्धि + तान् + सर्वान् + एवम् + ज्ञात्वा + विमोक्ष्यसे
evam + bahu-vidhāḥ + yajñāḥ + vitatāḥ + brahmaṇaḥ + mukhe + karma-jān + viddhi + tān + sarvān + evam + jñātvā + vimokṣyase
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus. In the ways just listed. |
| बहु-विधाः | bahu-vidhāḥ | nominative plural | of many kinds. |
| यज्ञाः | yajñāḥ | nominative plural | sacrifices. |
| वितताः | vitatāḥ | nominative plural | spread, extended. |
| ब्रह्मणः | brahmaṇaḥ | genitive | of Brahman. |
| मुखे | mukhe | locative singular | in the mouth. |
| कर्म-जान् | karma-jān | accusative plural | born of action. |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular | know. The same command as 4.13. |
| तान् | tān | accusative plural | them. The sacrifices. |
| सर्वान् | sarvān | accusative plural | all. |
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus. |
| ज्ञात्वा | jñātvā | gerund | having known. |
| विमोक्ष्यसे | vimokṣyase | future, 2nd singular, middle | you will be released. From vi-muc (वि-मुच्). |
The phrases
evaṃ bahuvidhāḥ yajñāḥ vitatāḥ brahmaṇaḥ mukhe (एवं बहुविधाः यज्ञाः वितताः ब्रह्मणः मुखे) places the whole list. Thus sacrifices of many kinds are spread in the mouth of Brahman. āḥ (आः) before a voiced consonant leaves ā (आ): bahuvidhā yajñā vitatā (बहुविधा यज्ञा वितता). brahmaṇaḥ mukhe (ब्रह्मणः मुखे) is brahmaṇo mukhe (ब्रह्मणो मुखे).
karmajān viddhi tān sarvān (कर्मजान् विद्धि तान् सर्वान्) is the command. Know them all as born of action. karmajān viddhi (कर्मजान् विद्धि) is karmajān viddhi (कर्मजान्विद्धि). तान् सर्वान् एवम् tān sarvān evam is tān sarvān evam (तान्सर्वानेवम्): न् + ए n + e becomes ne (ने).
evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase (एवं ज्ञात्वा विमोक्ष्यसे) is the fruit of the knowing. Knowing thus, you will be released. The future is his, as mokṣyase (मोक्ष्यसे) was in 4.16.
Sanskrit in this line
viddhi (विद्धि) takes one object said three times: tān (तान्), sarvān (सर्वान्), karmajān (कर्मजान्). "Know them, all of them, as born of action." Three accusatives, one command. karmajān (कर्मजान्) is not a second thing to know beside the sacrifices. It is what the sacrifices are.
Say it back
Where the sacrifices are spread, and what he must know them as. If karmajān (कर्मजान्) is left off, the command has no content.