6.6
बन्धुरात्मात्मनस्तस्य येनात्मैवात्मना जितः ।
अनात्मनस्तु शत्रुत्वे वर्तेतात्मैव शत्रुवत् ॥
bandhur ātmātmanas tasya yenātmaivātmanā jitaḥ
anātmanas tu śatrutve vartetātmaiva śatruvat
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking.
The verse
The self is the friend of the self of that man by whom the self has been conquered by the self; for the man who has not done that, the self itself would stand in enmity, like an enemy.
नेपालीमा
जसले आत्माद्वारा आत्मालाई जितेको छ, त्यसको आत्मा आत्माको मित्र हो। जसले त्यसो गरेको छैन, त्यसको आत्मा नै शत्रुझैँ वैरमा उभिन्छ।
Where it sits
6.5 said the self is friend and enemy. This verse divides the two. The friend-self belongs to the man who has conquered the self by the self. The other man's own self is the enemy.
Split: बन्धुः + आत्मा + आत्मनः + तस्य + येन + आत्मा + एव + आत्मना + जितः + अनात्मनः + तु + शत्रुत्वे + वर्तेत + आत्मा + एव + शत्रुवत्
bandhuḥ + ātmā + ātmanaḥ + tasya + yena + ātmā + eva + ātmanā + jitaḥ + anātmanaḥ + tu + śatrutve + varteta + ātmā + eva + śatruvat
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| बन्धुः | bandhuḥ | nominative singular | the friend. |
| आत्मा | ātmā | nominative singular | the self. |
| आत्मनः | ātmanaḥ | genitive singular | of the self. |
| तस्य | tasya | genitive singular | of that man. |
| येन | yena | instrumental singular | by whom. |
| आत्मा | ātmā | nominative singular | the self. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | itself. |
| आत्मना | ātmanā | instrumental singular | by the self. |
| जितः | jitaḥ | nominative singular | conquered. |
| अनात्मनः | anātmanaḥ | genitive singular | of the one who has not taken the self in hand. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| शत्रुत्वे | śatrutve | locative singular | in enmity. |
| वर्तेत | varteta | optative, 3rd singular, middle | it would stand, it would behave. From vṛt (वृत्). |
| आत्मा | ātmā | nominative singular | the self. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | itself. |
| शत्रुवत् | śatruvat | indeclinable | like an enemy. The suffix --vat (वत्) says "like." |
The phrases
bandhuḥ ātmā ātmanaḥ tasya (बन्धुः आत्मा आत्मनः तस्य) picks up 6.5. The self is the friend of the self, and tasya (तस्य) says of which man. yena ātmā eva ātmanā jitaḥ (येन आत्मा एव आत्मना जितः) is the condition. By whom the self has been conquered by the self.
anātmanaḥ tu (अनात्मनः तु) is the other man. For him the self stands śatrutve (शत्रुत्वे), in enmity, śatruvat (शत्रुवत्), the way an enemy stands.
yena ātmā (येन आत्मा) is recited yenātmā (येनात्मा), and ātmā eva ātmanā (आत्मा एव आत्मना) is ātmaivātmanā (आत्मैवात्मना). varteta ātmā (वर्तेत आत्मा) is vartetātmā (वर्तेतात्मा).
Sanskrit in this line
jitaḥ (जितः) is a past participle, "conquered," and yena (येन) is the person who did it. With a past participle, the doer stands in the instrumental. Here the doer is named twice, yena (येन) and ātmanā (आत्मना), because the man and the self he uses are the same. anātmanaḥ (अनात्मनः) is the negative of that man: the self was not taken in hand.
Say it back
Friend for whom, enemy for whom. If jitaḥ (जितः) is left out, the friend and the enemy have no test.