8.4
अधिभूतं क्षरो भावः पुरुषश्चाधिदैवतम् ।
अधियज्ञोऽहमेवात्र देहे देहभृतां वर ॥
adhibhūtaṃ kṣaro bhāvaḥ puruṣaś cādhidaivatam
adhiyajño 'ham evātra dehe dehabhṛtāṃ vara
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The last three names Arjuna (अर्जुन) asked for are answered here, and the last one is himself.
The verse
Perishable being is adhibhūta (अधिभूत), and the person is adhidaivata (अधिदैवत). I myself am the adhiyajña (अधियज्ञ) here in the body, O best of those who bear a body.
नेपालीमा
नाश हुने भाव अधिभूत हो, र पुरुष अधिदैवत हो। म आफैँ यस शरीरमा अधियज्ञ हुँ, हे देह बोक्नेहरूमध्ये श्रेष्ठ।
Where it sits
The six names are now answered. Brahman (ब्रह्म) is the supreme imperishable. Adhyātma (अध्यात्म) is one's own being. Action is the sending-forth. Adhibhūta (अधिभूत) is perishable existence. Adhidaivata (अधिदैवत) is the person. Adhiyajña (अधियज्ञ) is Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) in the body. The hour of death, which Arjuna (अर्जुन) put last, is what he turns to now.
Split: अधि-भूतम् + क्षरः + भावः + पुरुषः + च + अधि-दैवतम् + अधि-यज्ञः + अहम् + एव + अत्र + देहे + देह-भृताम् + वर
adhi-bhūtam + kṣaraḥ + bhāvaḥ + puruṣaḥ + ca + adhi-daivatam + adhi-yajñaḥ + aham + eva + atra + dehe + deha-bhṛtām + vara
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अधि-भूतम् | adhi-bhūtam | nominative neuter | adhibhūta. |
| क्षरः | kṣaraḥ | nominative | the perishable. What wastes. |
| भावः | bhāvaḥ | nominative | being, existence. |
| पुरुषः | puruṣaḥ | nominative | the person. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अधि-दैवतम् | adhi-daivatam | nominative neuter | adhidaivata. The 8.1 word was adhidaivam (अधिदैवम्). An extra ta (त), same term. |
| अधि-यज्ञः | adhi-yajñaḥ | nominative | the adhiyajña. |
| अहम् | aham | nominative | I. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | myself, just. It presses aham (अहम्). |
| अत्र | atra | indeclinable | here. |
| देहे | dehe | locative | in the body. |
| देह-भृताम् | deha-bhṛtām | genitive plural of dehabhṛt (देहभृत्) | of those who bear a body. |
| वर | vara | vocative | O best. |
The phrases
adhibhūtaṃ kṣaraḥ bhāvaḥ (अधिभूतं क्षरः भावः) is perishable existence. kṣaraḥ (क्षरः) and bhāvaḥ (भावः) are masculine. adhibhūtam (अधिभूतम्) is the neuter name they are identified with, as adhyātmam (अध्यात्मम्) was the neuter name of svabhāvaḥ (स्वभावः) in 8.3.
puruṣaḥ ca adhidaivatam (पुरुषः च अधिदैवतम्) is the next identification. The person is the adhidaivata. Again the name is neuter and the thing is masculine.
अधियज्ञः अहम् एव अत्र देहे adhiyajñaḥ aham eva atra dehe answers ko 'tra dehe 'smin (कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्) from 8.2. Not a definition beside himself. "I myself, here in the body." dehabhṛtāṃ vara (देहभृतां वर) is Arjuna (अर्जुन), best of people who have a body.
Sanskrit in this line
पुरुषः + च + अधिदैवतम् puruṣaḥ + ca + adhidaivatam is recited puruṣaś cādhidaivatam (पुरुषश्चाधिदैवतम्). aḥ (अः) before c (च्) becomes ś (श्), so puruṣaś ca (पुरुषश् च). Then च + अ ca + a becomes cā (चा), because अ + अ a + a becomes ā (आ). Two sandhis, one cluster. You met अः + च aḥ + ca as ś (श्) in 1.4.
Say it back
Three names, three identifications, and the last one has to be aham (अहम्). If adhiyajñaḥ (अधियज्ञः) stays a definition and does not become "I, here in the body," stay here.