8.15
मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम् ।
नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः ॥
mām upetya punarjanma duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam
nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ paramāṃ gatāḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. Reaching him is now set against being born again.
The verse
Having come to me, the great-souled do not reach rebirth, that impermanent home of suffering. They have gone to the supreme attainment.
नेपालीमा
मकहाँ आएपछि महात्माहरू अनित्य र दुःखको घर पुनर्जन्म पाउँदैनन्। तिनीहरू सर्वोच्च सिद्धिमा गएका हुन्छन्।
Where it sits
Easy to reach, in 8.14, now means: rebirth stops. The suffering-home is not a new topic. It is what punaḥ janma (पुनः जन्म) is. 8.16 will draw the line under every world, including the highest, and put his reach on the other side of that line.
Split: माम् + उपेत्य + पुनर्-जन्म + दुःख-आलयम् + अशाश्वतम् + न + आप्नुवन्ति + महा-आत्मानः + संसिद्धिम् + परमाम् + गताः
mām + upetya + punar-janma + duḥkha-ālayam + aśāśvatam + na + āpnuvanti + mahā-ātmānaḥ + saṃsiddhim + paramām + gatāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| उपेत्य | upetya | gerund of उप-इ upa-i | having come to. |
| पुनर्-जन्म | punar-janma | accusative of janman (जन्मन्) | birth again. |
| दुःख-आलयम् | duḥkha-ālayam | accusative neuter | home of suffering. ālaya (आलय) "abode." Agrees with janma (जन्म). |
| अशाश्वतम् | aśāśvatam | accusative neuter | not lasting. a (अ) + śāśvata (शाश्वत) "perpetual." |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| आप्नुवन्ति | āpnuvanti | present, 3rd plural of āp (आप्) | they reach, they attain. |
| महा-आत्मानः | mahā-ātmānaḥ | nominative plural | the great-souled. |
| संसिद्धिम् | saṃsiddhim | accusative | full attainment. |
| परमाम् | paramām | accusative feminine | supreme. Agrees with saṃsiddhim (संसिद्धिम्). |
| गताः | gatāḥ | nominative plural | gone. Agrees with mahātmānaḥ (महात्मानः). |
The phrases
माम् उपेत्य mām upetya is "having come to me." The same arrival as 8.5 and 8.13, in a gerund. The people who have done it are mahātmānaḥ (महात्मानः), named late, as the subject of the plural verb.
पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयम् अशाश्वतम् न आप्नुवन्ति punarjanma duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam na āpnuvanti is what they do not reach. Birth again, and that birth is a home of suffering and it does not last. All three accusatives are one object. The na (न) sits on āpnuvanti (आप्नुवन्ति). It does not sit on the next phrase.
saṃsiddhiṃ paramāṃ gatāḥ (संसिद्धिं परमां गताः) is where they have gone. Gone to the supreme attainment. gatāḥ (गताः) takes the accusative of the place reached. If you let na (न) govern saṃsiddhim (संसिद्धिम्), the verse reverses.
Sanskrit in this line
The gerund of i (इ) with a prefix is not itvā (इत्वा). उप-इ upa-i makes upetya (उपेत्य). The ending is --etya (एत्य). It still means "having gone," and its person is still the subject of the main verb, here mahātmānaḥ (महात्मानः). muktvā (मुक्त्वा) in 8.5 had no prefix and took --tvā (त्वा). Same job, and the shape depends on the front of the verb, as it did with upasaṅgamya (उपसङ्गम्य) in 1.2.
Say it back
What they do not reach, and what they have gone to. If the na (न) lands on saṃsiddhim (संसिद्धिम्), stay here and put it back on rebirth.