8.19
भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते ।
रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे ॥
bhūtagrāmaḥ sa evāyaṃ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate
rātryāgame 'vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavaty aharāgame
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The manifestations of 8.18 are now one host, and it is the same host every time.
The verse
This very same host of beings, coming to be again and again, dissolves helplessly when the night comes, son of Pṛthā (पृथा), and comes forth when the day comes.
नेपालीमा
यो नै भूतहरूको समूह, फेरि फेरि उत्पन्न हुँदै, रात आउँदा विवश भएर विलीन हुन्छ, हे पृथापुत्र, र दिन आउँदा निस्किन्छ।
Where it sits
8.18 was the rule for manifestations. 8.19 is the host you could point at, including the men on this field. They are not outside the day and the night. avaśaḥ (अवशः) is the point. The round is not their decision. The next verse names what does not go with them when they perish.
Split: भूत-ग्रामः + सः + एव + अयम् + भूत्वा + भूत्वा + प्रलीयते + रात्रि-आगमे + अवशः + पार्थ + प्रभवति + अहस्-आगमे
bhūta-grāmaḥ + saḥ + eva + ayam + bhūtvā + bhūtvā + pralīyate + rātri-āgame + avaśaḥ + pārtha + prabhavati + ahas-āgame
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| भूत-ग्रामः | bhūta-grāmaḥ | nominative | the host of beings. grāma (ग्राम) "collection, village." |
| सः | saḥ | nominative | that. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | very. |
| अयम् | ayam | nominative masculine | this. |
| भूत्वा | bhūtvā | gerund of bhū (भू) | having come to be. |
| भूत्वा | bhūtvā | gerund | having come to be. Said again: again and again. |
| प्रलीयते | pralīyate | present, 3rd singular, middle | it dissolves. Singular, with grāmaḥ (ग्रामः). |
| रात्रि-आगमे | rātri-āgame | locative | at the coming of night. |
| अवशः | avaśaḥ | nominative | helpless, without its own power. a (अ) + vaśa (वश) "control." |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | son of Pṛthā (पृथा). |
| प्रभवति | prabhavati | present, 3rd singular | it comes forth. |
| अहस्-आगमे | ahas-āgame | locative | at the coming of day. |
The phrases
bhūtagrāmaḥ saḥ eva ayam (भूतग्रामः सः एव अयम्) is "this very same host of beings." saḥ eva ayam (सः एव अयम्) will not let it be a new crowd each morning. The one that dissolved is the one that appears.
bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate (भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते) is the repetition. Having come to be, having come to be, it dissolves. The gerund twice is "again and again," not two different acts. rātryāgame avaśaḥ (रात्र्यागमे अवशः) puts the dissolving at night, and avaśaḥ (अवशः) says the host does not choose it.
prabhavati ahaḥ-āgame (प्रभवति अहःआगमे) is the other half of the same sentence. It comes forth when the day comes. Night and day are the two locatives. One verb each.
Sanskrit in this line
A gerund said twice is the grammar of "over and over." bhūtvā bhūtvā (भूत्वा भूत्वा) does not mean two becomings and then a stop. It means the becoming is repeated, and pralīyate (प्रलीयते) is what closes each time. रात्र्यागमे + अवशः rātryāgame + avaśaḥ is recited rātryāgame 'vaśaḥ (रात्र्यागमेऽवशः). ए + अ e + a again, the avagraha marking the lost a (अ).
Say it back
The same host, helpless, night and day. If sa evāyam (स एवायम्) becomes "a certain host" and the sameness is lost, stay here.