8.22
पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्यया ।
यस्यान्तःस्थानि भूतानि येन सर्वमिदं ततम् ॥
puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha bhaktyā labhyas tv ananyayā
yasyāntaḥsthāni bhūtāni yena sarvam idaṃ tatam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues. The abode of 8.21 is now the supreme person, and the way to him is named.
The verse
That supreme person is reached by undivided devotion, son of Pṛthā (पृथा), in whom beings stand within, and by whom all this is pervaded.
नेपालीमा
त्यो परम पुरुष अनन्य भक्तिले पुगिन्छ, हे पृथापुत्र, जसभित्र भूतहरू रहन्छन्, र जसले यो सबै व्याप्त गरेको छ।
Where it sits
The stretch from 8.9 ends here. The person to remember, the way of leaving, the syllable, the worlds that return, the day and the night, the unmanifest beyond the unmanifest, his abode, and the devotion with no second object. 8.23 will open a new question he himself announces: the time at which a yogin who has departed does not return, and the time at which he does.
Split: पुरुषः + सः + परः + पार्थ + भक्त्या + लभ्यः + तु + अनन्यया + यस्य + अन्तः-स्थानि + भूतानि + येन + सर्वम् + इदम् + ततम्
puruṣaḥ + saḥ + paraḥ + pārtha + bhaktyā + labhyaḥ + tu + ananyayā + yasya + antaḥ-sthāni + bhūtāni + yena + sarvam + idam + tatam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| पुरुषः | puruṣaḥ | nominative | the person. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative | that. |
| परः | paraḥ | nominative | the supreme, the one beyond. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | son of Pṛthā (पृथा). |
| भक्त्या | bhaktyā | instrumental | by devotion. |
| लभ्यः | labhyaḥ | gerundive, nominative | to be reached, reachable. From labh (लभ्). |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | and, but. A light turn. |
| अनन्यया | ananyayā | instrumental feminine | by that which has no other. Agrees with bhaktyā (भक्त्या). |
| यस्य | yasya | genitive | of whom, in whom. |
| अन्तः-स्थानि | antaḥ-sthāni | nominative plural neuter | standing within. antaḥ (अन्तः) "inside," stha (स्थ) "standing." |
| भूतानि | bhūtāni | nominative plural | beings. |
| येन | yena | instrumental | by whom. |
| सर्वम् | sarvam | nominative neuter | all. |
| इदम् | idam | nominative neuter | this. |
| ततम् | tatam | nominative neuter, past participle of tan (तन्) | spread, pervaded. |
The phrases
puruṣaḥ saḥ paraḥ pārtha (पुरुषः सः परः पार्थ) names him. That supreme person. This is the puruṣam (पुरुषम्) of 8.8 and 8.10, and the one whose abode 8.21 called mine. paraḥ (परः) is the same "beyond" as 8.20.
bhaktyā labhyaḥ tu ananyayā (भक्त्या लभ्यः तु अनन्यया) is how he is reached. Reachable by devotion that goes to no other. The gerundive takes the instrumental of the means. ananyayā (अनन्यया) agrees with bhaktyā (भक्त्या), feminine instrumental. It is the ananya (अनन्य) of ananyacetāḥ (अनन्यचेताः) in 8.14, now on the devotion instead of on the mind.
yasya antaḥsthāni bhūtāni (यस्य अन्तःस्थानि भूतानि) is the first relative. In whom beings stand within. येन सर्वम् इदम् ततम् yena sarvam idam tatam is the second. By whom all this is pervaded. tatam (ततम्) agrees with सर्वम् इदम् sarvam idam.
Sanskrit in this line
labhyaḥ (लभ्यः) is a gerundive, "to be reached," like jñeyaḥ (ज्ञेयः) in 8.2. The instrumental with it is the means, not the doer this time. bhaktyā (भक्त्या) answers "by what." jñeyaḥ (ज्ञेयः) took niyatātmabhiḥ (नियतात्मभिः), the people by whom he is known. labhyaḥ (लभ्यः) takes bhaktyā (भक्त्या), the devotion by which the person is reached.
लभ्यः + तु + अनन्यया labhyaḥ + tu + ananyayā is recited लभ्यस्त्वन्यया labhyas tv ananyayā. aḥ (अः) before t (त्) becomes s (स्). Then उ + अ u + a becomes va (व), so tu a (तु अ) is tva (त्व).
Say it back
The person, the devotion, and the two relatives: beings inside him, all this pervaded by him. If ananyayā (अनन्यया) is dropped, any devotion will seem to be enough.