9.32
मां हि पार्थ व्यपाश्रित्य
येऽपि स्युः पापयोनयः ।
स्त्रियो वैश्यास्तथा शूद्रास्
तेऽपि यान्ति परां गतिम् ॥
māṃ hi pārtha vyapāśritya ye 'pi syuḥ pāpayonayaḥ
striyo vaiśyās tathā śūdrās te 'pi yānti parāṃ gatim
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
For, having resorted to me, son of Pṛthā (पृथा), even those who may be of a birth called bad — women, vaiśya (वैश्य), and śūdra (शूद्र) — they too go to the highest goal.
नेपालीमा
किनकि, हे पृथापुत्र, खराब भनिएको जन्म भएका जो कोही, स्त्री, वैश्य र शूद्र पनि, ममा आश्रय लिएर सर्वोच्च गतिमा जान्छन्।
Where it sits
The promise of 9.31 was that his devotee does not perish. This verse names people of a birth the line calls bad, and gives them the same highest goal, on the one condition of resorting to him. 9.33 answers with how much more.
Split: माम् + हि + पार्थ + व्यपाश्रित्य + ये + अपि + स्युः + पाप-योनयः + स्त्रियः + वैश्याः + तथा + शूद्राः + ते + अपि + यान्ति + पराम् + गतिम्
mām + hi + pārtha + vyapāśritya + ye + api + syuḥ + pāpa-yonayaḥ + striyaḥ + vaiśyāḥ + tathā + śūdrāḥ + te + api + yānti + parām + gatim
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | son of Pṛthā (पृथा). |
| व्यपाश्रित्य | vyapāśritya | gerund | having resorted to. vi-apa-ā-śri (वि-अप-आ-श्रि). |
| ये | ye | nominative plural | who. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | even. |
| स्युः | syuḥ | optative, 3rd plural | they may be. as (अस्). |
| पाप-योनयः | pāpa-yonayaḥ | nominative plural | those whose birth is called bad. pāpa (पाप) is evil. yoni (योनि) is womb, birth. |
| स्त्रियः | striyaḥ | nominative plural | women. |
| वैश्याः | vaiśyāḥ | nominative plural | a vaiśya (वैश्य). |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and so. |
| शूद्राः | śūdrāḥ | nominative plural | a śūdra (शूद्र). |
| ते | te | nominative plural | they. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | also, even. |
| यान्ति | yānti | present, 3rd plural | they go. |
| पराम् | parām | accusative feminine | the highest. Agrees with gatim (गतिम्). |
| गतिम् | gatim | accusative | goal, going. |
The phrases
māṃ hi pārtha vyapāśritya (मां हि पार्थ व्यपाश्रित्य) is the condition, set first. Having resorted to him. ye api syuḥ pāpa-yonayaḥ (ये अपि स्युः पाप-योनयः) is who, in the optative: even those who may be of a birth the line calls bad.
striyaḥ vaiśyāḥ tathā śūdrāḥ (स्त्रियः वैश्याः तथा शूद्राः) names them: women, vaiśya (वैश्य), and śūdra (शूद्र). te api yānti parāṃ gatim (ते अपि यान्ति परां गतिम्) is where that resorting takes them. They too go to the highest goal.
Sanskrit in this line
striyaḥ (स्त्रियः) looks as if it ends in iḥ (इः). It ends in aḥ (अः): the nominative plural of strī (स्त्री) is striyaḥ (स्त्रियः). Before vaiśyāḥ (वैश्याः) it is recited striyo (स्त्रियो), because aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant becomes o (ओ). शूद्राः + ते śūdrāḥ + te is śūdrās te (शूद्रास्ते): āḥ (आः) before t (त्) becomes ās (आस्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the condition and the goal. If vyapāśritya (व्यपाश्रित्य) drops out, stay here.