11.9
सञ्जय उवाच
एवमुक्त्वा ततो राजन्महायोगेश्वरो हरिः ।
दर्शयामास पार्थाय परमं रूपमैश्वरम् ॥
sañjaya uvāca
evam uktvā tato rājan mahāyogeśvaro hariḥ
darśayām āsa pārthāya paramaṃ rūpam aiśvaram
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) is speaking, to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र). rājan (राजन्) is the king in the palace.
The verse
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) said: Having spoken thus, O king, Hari (हरि), the great lord of yoga, showed the supreme lordly form to the son of Pṛthā (पृथा).
नेपालीमा
सञ्जयले भने, हे राजन्, यसरी भनेर योगका महान् स्वामी हरिले पृथापुत्रलाई परम ऐश्वर्य रूप देखाए।
Where it sits
The talk between the two on the chariot pauses. The reporter resumes, and the verb is no longer "see" but "he showed." The next two verses will describe that form before anyone on the field speaks.
Split: एवम् + उक्त्वा + ततः + राजन् + महा-योग-ईश्वरः + हरिः + दर्शयाम् + आस + पार्थाय + परमम् + रूपम् + ऐश्वरम्
evam + uktvā + tataḥ + rājan + mahā-yoga-īśvaraḥ + hariḥ + darśayām + āsa + pārthāya + paramam + rūpam + aiśvaram
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| एवम् | evam | indeclinable | thus. |
| उक्त्वा | uktvā | gerund of vac (वच्) | having spoken. |
| ततः | tataḥ | indeclinable | then. |
| राजन् | rājan | vocative | O king. Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र). |
| महा-योग-ईश्वरः | mahā-yoga-īśvaraḥ | nominative | the great lord of yoga. |
| हरिः | hariḥ | nominative | Hari (हरि). Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण). |
| दर्शयाम् | darśayām | periphrastic stem | the showing. With āsa (आस), "he showed." |
| आस | āsa | perfect, 3rd singular of as (अस्) | he did. The helping verb of the periphrastic perfect. |
| पार्थाय | pārthāya | dative | to the son of Pṛthā (पृथा). |
| परमम् | paramam | accusative | supreme. |
| रूपम् | rūpam | accusative | form. |
| ऐश्वरम् | aiśvaram | accusative | lordly. |
The phrases
एवम् उक्त्वा ततः evam uktvā tataḥ closes the speech. Having spoken thus, then. The gerund's subject is the subject of the main verb, hariḥ (हरिः).
rājan mahā-yoga-īśvaraḥ hariḥ (राजन् महा-योग-ईश्वरः हरिः) names the hearer and the one who acts. The king is addressed. The great lord of yoga is the nominative.
दर्शयाम् आस पार्थाय परमम् रूपम् ऐश्वरम् darśayām āsa pārthāya paramam rūpam aiśvaram is the act. He showed the supreme lordly form to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The dative is who receives the showing.
Sanskrit in this line
दर्शयाम् आस darśayām āsa is a periphrastic perfect. A causative like darśaya (दर्शय), "cause to see," does not build its past the ordinary way. It puts darśayām (दर्शयाम्) beside āsa (आस), the perfect of as (अस्), "be." The two together mean "he showed." The person and the time sit on āsa (आस).
Say it back
Who showed, and to whom. If the dative pārthāya (पार्थाय) comes out as the king, the gift has gone to the wrong man.