12.13
अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुण एव च ।
निर्ममो निरहङ्कारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी ॥
adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca
nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and the sentence does not finish here: sa me priyaḥ (स मे प्रियः) in 12.14 is said of this person.
The verse
He hates none of all beings, he is a friend and he is compassionate, he has no "mine" and no "I," he is the same in sorrow and in joy, and he is patient — the person 12.14 calls dear to me.
नेपालीमा
ऊ सबै प्राणीमध्ये कसैलाई घृणा गर्दैन, ऊ मित्र हो र करुणामय छ, उसमा मेरो भन्ने छैन र म भन्ने छैन, ऊ दुःख र सुखमा समान छ, र ऊ क्षमाशील छ, जसलाई पछिको वचनले मलाई प्रिय भन्छ।
Where it sits
The ladder has closed on peace. These verses draw the person who is dear. The list starts here, and the verb that calls him dear is in the next verse.
Split: अद्वेष्टा + सर्व-भूतानाम् + मैत्रः + करुणः + एव + च + निर्-ममः + निर्-अहङ्कारः + सम-दुःख-सुखः + क्षमी
adveṣṭā + sarva-bhūtānām + maitraḥ + karuṇaḥ + eva + ca + nir-mamaḥ + nir-ahaṅkāraḥ + sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ + kṣamī
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अद्वेष्टा | adveṣṭā | nominative of adveṣṭṛ (अद्वेष्टृ) | one who hates not. a- (अ-) on the agent noun of dviṣ (द्विष्), "hate." |
| सर्व-भूतानाम् | sarva-bhūtānām | genitive plural | of all beings. |
| मैत्रः | maitraḥ | nominative singular | a friend. From mitra (मित्र). |
| करुणः | karuṇaḥ | nominative singular | compassionate. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| निर्-ममः | nir-mamaḥ | nominative singular | without a "mine." mama (मम) "of me, mine." |
| निर्-अहङ्कारः | nir-ahaṅkāraḥ | nominative singular | without the making of "I." ahaṅkāra (अहङ्कार) is that making. |
| सम-दुःख-सुखः | sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ | nominative singular, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | for whom sorrow and joy are the same. |
| क्षमी | kṣamī | nominative of kṣamin (क्षमिन्) | patient. One who bears. From kṣam (क्षम्). |
The phrases
adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇaḥ eva ca (अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुणः एव च) is the first of the portrait. He does not hate, and the genitive says the range: of all beings. He is a friend, and he is compassionate. karuṇaḥ eva (करुणः एव) is recited karuṇa eva (करुण एव).
nirmamaḥ nirahaṅkāraḥ (निर्ममः निरहङ्कारः) takes two claims off him. No "mine," and no making of "I." nir-mamaḥ (निर्-ममः) before the voiced n (न्) of nir (निर्) is recited nirmamo (निर्ममो).
samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī (समदुःखसुखः क्षमी) is how the pairs find him, and how he bears what comes. Sorrow and joy are the same for him. He is patient.
Sanskrit in this line
sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ (सम-दुःख-सुखः) is a bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि). It does not name a thing called "same-sorrow-joy." It names a person for whom duḥkha (दुःख) and sukha (सुख) are sama (सम). The last member carries the nominative. nir (निर्) on mama (मम) and on ahaṅkāra (अहङ्कार) strips the word it sits on. He is the one from whom that claim is gone.
Say it back
Cover the English. No hatred, friend, compassionate, and the two things nir (निर्) takes off. If nirmamaḥ (निर्ममः) comes out as "mine," stay here.