13.12
अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वं तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम् ।
एतज्ज्ञानमिति प्रोक्तमज्ञानं यदतोऽन्यथा ॥
adhyātmajñānanityatvaṃ tattvajñānārthadarśanam
etaj jñānam iti proktam ajñānaṃ yad ato 'nyathā
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Constancy in knowledge of the self, and seeing the aim of the knowledge of reality: this is declared to be knowledge, and what is otherwise than this is ignorance.
नेपालीमा
आत्मज्ञानमा स्थिरता, र तत्त्वज्ञानको लक्ष्य देख्नु, यसलाई ज्ञान भनिएको छ, र यसभन्दा अर्को कुरा अज्ञान हो।
Where it sits
The list that began at 13.8 closes when एतत् ज्ञानम् इति प्रोक्तम् etat jñānam iti proktam names those qualities as jñānam (ज्ञानम्), and the next verse turns to jñeyam (ज्ञेयम्), what is to be known.
Split: अध्यात्म-ज्ञान-नित्यत्वम् + तत्त्व-ज्ञान-अर्थ-दर्शनम् + एतत् + ज्ञानम् + इति + प्रोक्तम् + अज्ञानम् + यत् + अतः + अन्यथा
adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvam + tattva-jñāna-artha-darśanam + etat + jñānam + iti + proktam + ajñānam + yat + ataḥ + anyathā
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अध्यात्म-ज्ञान-नित्यत्वम् | adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvam | nominative singular | constancy in knowledge of the self. adhi (अधि) "over," ātman (आत्मन्) "the self," nityatva (नित्यत्व) "the state of being constant." |
| तत्त्व-ज्ञान-अर्थ-दर्शनम् | tattva-jñāna-artha-darśanam | nominative singular | seeing the aim of knowledge of reality. tat (तत्) "that," tva (त्व) makes tattva (तत्त्व) "that-ness, reality." artha (अर्थ) is the aim. darśana (दर्शन) is seeing. Recited tattvajñānārthadarśanam (तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम्). |
| एतत् | etat | nominative singular neuter | this. The list from 13.8 to here. |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | nominative singular | knowledge. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. |
| प्रोक्तम् | proktam | nominative singular neuter, past participle of pra-vac (प्र-वच्) | declared. प्र + उक्त pra + ukta. |
| अज्ञानम् | ajñānam | nominative singular | ignorance. What is not knowledge. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. What. |
| अतः | ataḥ | indeclinable | from this. Other than this. |
| अन्यथा | anyathā | indeclinable | otherwise. |
The phrases
adhyātmajñānanityatvam (अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वम्) is constancy in the knowledge that concerns the self. tattvajñānārthadarśanam (तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम्) is seeing what the knowledge of reality is for. Two more nominatives in the same list.
एतत् ज्ञानम् इति प्रोक्तम् etat jñānam iti proktam names the whole stretch. This, from 13.8 through this line, is declared to be knowledge. एतत् + ज्ञानम् etat + jñānam is recited etaj jñānam (एतज्ज्ञानम्).
अज्ञानं यत् अतः अन्यथा ajñānaṃ yat ataḥ anyathā is the other side of the name. What is otherwise than this is ignorance. अतः + अन्यथा ataḥ + anyathā is recited ato 'nyathā (अतोऽन्यथा).
Sanskrit in this line
अतः + अन्यथा ataḥ + anyathā is recited ato 'nyathā (अतोऽन्यथा). aḥ (अः) meets a (अ): the two become o (ओ), and the dropped a (अ) is written ऽ, the avagraha. In roman letters that mark is the apostrophe in ato 'nyathā (अतोऽन्यथा). A period written in that place in a roman transcript is the same sign, not a stop.
एतत् + ज्ञानम् etat + jñānam is etaj jñānam (एतज्ज्ञानम्). t (त्) before the palatal j (ज्) becomes j (ज्).
Say it back
Say what he has just called knowledge, and what he has called ignorance. If the list comes out as a set of doctrines, stay here.