14.22
श्रीभगवानुवाच
प्रकाशं च प्रवृत्तिं च
मोहमेव च पाण्डव ।
न द्वेष्टि सम्प्रवृत्तानि
न निवृत्तानि काङ्क्षति ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
prakāśaṃ ca pravṛttiṃ ca moham eva ca pāṇḍava
na dveṣṭi sampravṛttāni na nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking to Arjuna (अर्जुन), and uvāca (उवाच), he said, stands outside the meter.
The verse
He does not hate light, activity, or delusion when they have come on, and he does not long for them when they have ceased, son of Pāṇḍu (पाण्डु).
नेपालीमा
उज्यालो, प्रवृत्ति वा मोह आइपरे पनि ऊ तिनलाई घृणा गर्दैन, र ती हटेपछि तिनलाई चाहँदैन, हे पाण्डुका छोरा।
Where it sits
Arjuna (अर्जुन) asked for marks, and the answer begins with what this man does not do: he neither hates the three when they rise nor misses them when they fall.
Split: प्रकाशम् + च + प्रवृत्तिम् + च + मोहम् + एव + च + पाण्डव + न + द्वेष्टि + सम्प्रवृत्तानि + न + निवृत्तानि + काङ्क्षति
prakāśam + ca + pravṛttim + ca + moham + eva + ca + pāṇḍava + na + dveṣṭi + sampravṛttāni + na + nivṛttāni + kāṅkṣati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रकाशम् | prakāśam | accusative | light. The sign of sattva (सत्त्व) in 14.11. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| प्रवृत्तिम् | pravṛttim | accusative feminine | activity. The sign of rajas (रजस्) in 14.12. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| मोहम् | moham | accusative | delusion. The sign of tamas (तमस्) in 14.13. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| पाण्डव | pāṇḍava | vocative | son of Pāṇḍu (पाण्डु). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| द्वेष्टि | dveṣṭi | present, 3rd singular | he hates. dviṣ (द्विष्). |
| सम्प्रवृत्तानि | sampravṛttāni | accusative plural neuter | when they have come on. The participle gathers the three objects. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| निवृत्तानि | nivṛttāni | accusative plural neuter | when they have ceased. |
| काङ्क्षति | kāṅkṣati | present, 3rd singular | he longs for. kāṅkṣ (काङ्क्ष्). |
The phrases
प्रकाशं च प्रवृत्तिं च मोहम् एव च prakāśaṃ ca pravṛttiṃ ca moham eva ca names the three things the man meets. Light, activity, and delusion, the three signs of 14.11 through 14.13. pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) calls him. The man who does the verbs is the one Arjuna (अर्जुन) just asked about. The verse does not rename him.
na dveṣṭi sampravṛttāni na nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati (न द्वेष्टि सम्प्रवृत्तानि न निवृत्तानि काङ्क्षति) is the pair of refusals. He does not hate them when they have come on. He does not long for them when they have ceased. Both verbs take the same three objects. sampravṛttāni (सम्प्रवृत्तानि) and nivṛttāni (निवृत्तानि) describe those three as one neuter set.
Sanskrit in this line
prakāśa (प्रकाश) is masculine, pravṛtti (प्रवृत्ति) is feminine, and moha (मोह) is masculine. sampravṛttāni (सम्प्रवृत्तानि) and nivṛttāni (निवृत्तानि) are neuter plural anyway. A mixed group, taken as one set of things, goes to the neuter plural. The participles are not agreeing with one of the three nouns. They are agreeing with the three together, and both verbs share that set.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he does not do when they come, and what he does not do when they go. If na dveṣṭi (न द्वेष्टि) loses its na (न), he has been turned into a man who hates the light. Stay here.